Noncontact Mapping
Noncontact Mapping Satoshi Higa Yenn-Jiang Lin Ching-Tai Tai Shih-Ann Chen The curative ablation strategies of atrial fibrillation (AF) have rapidly evolved but have still not become standardized because the variable…
Magnetic and Robotic Navigation
Magnetic and Robotic Navigation Bruce D. Lindsay Mitchell Faddis The advent of ablation procedures for supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias accelerated the development of technology to facilitate catheter manipulation and imaging….
Electroanatomic Mapping Systems
Electroanatomic Mapping Systems Anshul M. Patel Vivek Y. Reddy Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) is dependent on a firm understanding of left atrial (LA) and pulmonary venous (PV) anatomy….
Intracardiac Ultrasound
Intracardiac Ultrasound Jonathan S. Steinberg Kataneh Maleki Jayanthi Koneru Farooq Chaudhry Vascular-based ablation procedures require the accurate placement of catheters at target tissues to deliver ablative energy to interrupt arrhythmia…
Preprocedure Preparation
Preprocedure Preparation Jose F. Huizar Mark A. Wood Karoly Kaszala Kenneth A. Ellenbogen In preparation for catheter-based ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF), a significant amount of pertinent information should be…
Equipment and Staffing
Equipment and Staffing David Haines Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation has continued to evolve. Techniques and technology have had drastic improvements over the past decade, and the clinical results have…
Nonpharmacological Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation: An Historical Overview
Nonpharmacological Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation: An Historical Overview David D. Spragg Hugh Calkins I have noticed that after the heart proper, and even the right auricle were ceasing to beat…
Indications for Atrial Fibrillation Ablation and Consensus Recommendations
Indications for Atrial Fibrillation Ablation and Consensus Recommendations Hugh Calkins The HRS/EHRA/ECAS Expert Consensus Document on Catheter and Surgical Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation was published in June 2007 (1). The…
Vascular Disease
Vascular Disease HYPERTENSION Classification Category Systolic (mmHg) Diastolic (mmHg) Normal <120 <80 Pre-HTN 120-139 80-89 Stage 1 HTN 140-159 90-99 Stage 2 HTN ≥160 ≥100 Average ≥2 measurements >1-2 min…
Arrhythmias
Arrhythmias BRADYCARDIA AND AV BLOCK BRADYCARDIAS Sinus bradycardia (SB) (NEJM 2000;342:703) Etiologies: meds (incl βB, CCB, amio, Li, dig), → vagal tone (incl. in athletes, sleep, IMI), metabolic (hypoxia, sepsis,…
