Cardiovascular Physiology “It is the physician’s privilege to cure sometimes, to relieve often, to comfort always” Basic Cardiovascular Physiology It is essential to understand basic cardiovascular physiology to appreciate the…
Operations on the Internal Carotid Artery INDICATIONS FOR CAROTID SURGERY The general adoption of the single metric of percent stenosis to select patients for intervention or operation is regrettable. It…
Reconstruction of the Vertebral Artery INDICATIONS FOR SURGERY Reconstruction of the VA is indicated in patients with VBI symptoms and appropriate VA lesions. Other than in reconstructions done for extracranial…
Operations on the Supraortic Trunks The supraaortic trunks may be repaired directly through a trans-sternal approach and remotely through cervical incisions. TRANS-THORACIC REPAIRS: THE UPPER MIDSTERNOTOMY The advantages of the…
The Pathology LESION Duplex Ultrasonography (US) is currently the standard tool for the initial evaluation of a patient suspected of having carotid artery disease. The rating of carotid artery disease…
Anatomy and Function of the Carotid and Vertebral Systems THE BRANCHES OF THE AORTIC ARCH (SUPRAAORTIC TRUNKS) PLATE 1.1. Fragment of Las Dos Fridas, with Frieda Kahlo’s (1907 to 1954)…
Differences Between the Carotid and Vertebral Systems For the vascular surgeon, the differences between the carotid and vertebral systems are more relevant than their similarities. Both arteries supply the brain,…
Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Completely Resected Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Giorgio V. Scagliotti Everett E. Vokes Ninety percent of lung cancers are related to tobacco smoking, and the primary prevention of…
The Spectrum of Carcinoid Tumors Paris A. Kosmidis Lung carcinoids had been classified as “bronchial adenomas,” which included other bronchial tumors with benign behavior. Subsequently, lung carcinoids were included in…
Management of Mediastinal Tumors Not of Thymic Origin Naveed Alam Raja Flores The mediastinum is the term used to describe the contents of the thorax between the pleural cavities. It…
