Inhaled therapy remains the cornerstone of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease pharmacologic care, but some systemic treatments can be of help when the burden of the disease remains high. Azithromycin, phosphodiesterase-4…
Identifying the exact cause for persistent and recurrent neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (NTOS) is challenging even with high-resolution imaging of the thoracic outlet. Improvement can be achieved with redo first…
Minimally invasive surgical approaches to the treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) will become increasingly common as more surgeons gain experience in thoracoscopic and robotic technique. Robotic surgery may be…
Thoracic outlet syndrome is a condition of compression involving the brachial plexus and subclavian vessels. Although there are multiple surgical approaches to address thoracic outlet decompression, supraclavicular first rib resection…
Venous thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is uncommon but occurs in young, healthy patients, typically presenting as subclavian vein (SCV) effort thrombosis. Venous TOS arises through chronic repetitive compression injury of…
Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome is a complex and challenging condition to manage. There is a lack of high-quality evidence to guide clinical decision making and therefore a need to individualize…
Arterial thoracic outlet syndrome is rare and may be associated with a bony anomaly. Patient presentation can range from mild arm discoloration and claudication to severe limb-threatening ischemia. For patients…
Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (NTOS) results from the compression or irritation of the brachial plexus within the thoracic outlet. The associated symptoms result in significant disability and negative effects on…
The thoracic outlet is the space between the thorax and axilla through which the subclavian vein, subclavian artery, and brachial plexus travel from their central origins to their peripheral termini….
Imaging studies play a significant role in assessment of thoracic outlet syndrome. In this article, we discuss the etiology and definition of thoracic outlet syndrome and review the spectrum of…
