Thoracic Key

44 How to Use ICE to Aid in Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia Marc W. Deyell, MD, MSc; Mathew D. Hutchinson, MD; David J. Callans, MD Introduction The right and…

13 How to Utilize ICE for Optimal Safety and Efficacy with Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Mathew D. Hutchinson, MD Introduction The inherent complexity of catheter-based ablation for AF necessitates multimodality image…

12 How to Perform a Transseptal Puncture Gregory E. Supple, MD; David J. Callans, MD Introduction Transseptal catheterization of the LA was initially developed in 1958 and has facilitated a…

48 How to Perform Endocardial/Epicardial Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation Jorge Romero, MD; J. David Burkhardt, MD; Carola Gianni, MD, PhD; Matthew Dare, CEPS; Pasquale Santangeli, MD, PhD; Andrea Natale, MD; Luigi…

45 How to Perform an Epicardial Access Mauricio I. Scanavacca, MD, PhD; Sissy Lara Melo, MD, PhD; Carina A. Hardy, MD; Cristiano Pisani, MD; Eduardo Sosa, MD, PhD Introduction Subepicardial…

50 How to Ablate Ventricular Tachycardia in Patients with Congenital Heart Disease Katja Zeppenfeld, MD, PhD Introduction The number of patients with severe congenital heart disease (CHD) who are entering…

59 How to Close the Left Atrial Appendage Using Endocardial and Epicardial Approach Venkat Vuddanda, MD; Mohammad-Ali Jazayeri, MD; Donita Atkins, RN; Dhanunjaya Lakkireddy, MD Introduction Atrial fibrillation (AF) is…