and clinical stages
2 Pathophysiology and clinical stages Pathophysiology Advances in the management of heart failure (HF) over the past 20 years have been informed by a better understanding of its pathophysiology. There…
trials and developments
10 Clinical trials and developments Stem cell therapy Stem cell therapy remains a promising treatment for patients with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction caused by coronary ischemia/infarction. Intracoronary or intramyocardial injections…
Comorbidities
4 Comorbidities Anemia Anemia (hemoglobin < 130 g/L in men, and < 120 g/L in women) is common in patients with heart failure (HF). It is associated with poorer outcomes…
management and lifestyle considerations
6 General management and lifestyle considerations Multidisciplinary strategies The cost of managing patients with heart failure (HF) is substantial and continues to grow, with the main area of expenditure being…
Malignant Lung Neoplasms
Malignant Lung Neoplasms 6 94 Figure 6.1 — Atypical Adenomatous Hyperplasia, Biopsy [H&E Stain; High Power]. This preinvasive neoplastic glandular proliferation is made up of cuboidal to low columnar cells…
Unusual and Metastatic Lesions
Unusual and Metastatic Lesions 7 154 Figure 7.1a — Fetal Adenocarcinoma, Fine Needle Aspiration [Pap Stain; Low Power]. Fetal adenocarcinoma is a peripherally based lung adenocarcinoma composed of tubular and…
Lung Radiology
Lung Radiology 1 2INTRODUCTION Radiologic evaluation of lung lesions can serve many roles including primary detection, narrowing of the differential diagnosis, treatment or surgical planning, and posttreatment surveillance. Plain radiographs…
Reactive Changes and Benign Lung Lesions
Reactive Changes and Benign Lung Lesions 3 42Figure 3.1a — Reactive Epithelial Cells, Bronchial Brushing [Pap Stain; High Power]. The majority of cells shown are bronchial respiratory epithelial cells, though…
Infectious Lung Lesions
Infectious Lung Lesions 4 66Figure 4.1a — Tuberculosis, Fine Needle Aspiration [H&E Stain; High Power]. This fine needle aspiration came from a right apical cavitary mass in a woman with…
