VALVULAR HEART DISEASE CHAPTER Aortic and Pulmonary Valve Disease Amar Krishnaswamy and Brian P. Griffin NORMAL AORTIC VALVE ANATOMY Normal aortic valves are tricuspid—with right, left, and noncoronary cusps—and have…
Radiation Safety in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory Imran N. Ahmad, Kevin A. Wunderle, and Frederick A. Heupler, Jr. BACKGROUND Radiation-induced injury is a well-recognized risk associated with invasive procedures in…
CLINICAL AND PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY CHAPTER Hallmarks of Essential and Secondary Hypertension Mohamed A. Rafey, Martin J. Schreiber, Jr., and Joseph V. Nally, Jr. PATHOGENESIS OF HYPERTENSION A number of pathophysiologic…
Pacemakers and Defibrillators Khaldoun G. Tarakji and Bruce L. Wilkoff CARDIAC PACING Cardiac pacing is the only definitive therapy for symptomatic bradycardia. Whether iatrogenic, ischemic, or intrinsic conduction system disease…
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Anthony J. Hart and Harry M. Lever PREVALENCE AND DEFINITION Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common genetic cardiovascular disease.1 The prevalence in the general adult population for…
Risk Stratification and Post–Myocardial Infarction Therapy Willis M. Wu and Samir R. Kapadia Unstable angina, non–ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) represent a spectrum of ischemic coronary…
Preoperative Evaluation of Cardiac Patients for Noncardiac Surgery Matthew C. Bunte and Richard A. Grimm The evaluation of cardiac patients undergoing noncardiac surgery is an important part of the day-to-day…
Supraventricular Tachycardias Christopher P. Ingelmo and P. Peter Borek Supraventricular tachycardias (SVTs) continue to be the most common as well as most diverse type of cardiac arrhythmias. SVTs occur in…
Peripheral Artery Disease Siddharth A. Wartak and Heather L. Gornik Lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a marker of systemic atherosclerosis and has been estimated to affect approximately 8…
Heart Failure with Normal Ejection Fraction Andrew O. Zurick, III and Allan L. Klein Diastolic dysfunction refers to a functional abnormality of myocardial relaxation, distensibility, or filling in the diastolic…
