Fig. 13.1 Henry Cavendish (1731–1810). This sketch was made surreptitiously by William Alexander. From [16] Cavendish was a very eminent scientist but not a major figure in physiology. However his…
Fig. 1.1 Galen of Pergamon (Claude Galien in French). Lithograph by Pierre Roche Vigneron, Paris ca. 1865 Another reason for choosing Galen as an introduction to Western physiology is that…
Fig. 7.1 Marcello Malpighi (1628–1694) Malpighi studied philosophy for a few years but in 1653 he turned his attention to anatomy at the University of Bologna, and this was the…
Fig. 17.1 Alexander M. Kellas (1868–1921). Archives of the Royal Geographical Society, by permission Alexander Kellas was educated at Aberdeen Grammar School and in 1889 went to Edinburgh to study…
Fig. 3.1 Evangelista Torricelli (1608–1647). (From (Lezioni d’Evangelista Torricelli and available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Libr0367.jpg)) Fig. 3.2 Portion of the text of Torricelli’s letter to Ricci containing the phrase “We live submerged…
Fig. 6.1 Hooke’s drawing of the microscopic appearance of cork in Micrographia. He was the first person to use the word cell. From [10] However the most interesting parts of…
Fig. 8.1 Stephen Hales, D.D., F.R.S. (1677–1761) Stephen Hales is best known in physiology for his work on blood pressure, which is described in his book Haemastaticks [7]. A modern…
Fig. 4.1 Portrait of Robert Boyle (1627–1691). (Reproduced from Ref. [18]) Boyle was a prolific writer, and even now some of his material remains unpublished [16]. His 1660 book discussed…
Fig. 2.1 Approximate time-line showing the period of the Islamic Golden Age, and the long influence of the teachings of the Galen School 2.3 Ibn Al-Nafis His full name was…
Fig. 5.1 Original table of data and calculations given by Boyle [3] to support his hypothesis that the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely related. The letter “s”…
