Fig. 11.1 Conceptual framework for TB Control, with posited interventions targeting socioeconomic position at household level. Reprinted with permission of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. Copyright The…
Fig. 15.1 Differences and disparities in end-of-life care: definitions, examples, and potential solutions References 1. Mularski RA, Curtis JR, Billings JA, et al. Proposed quality measures for palliative care in…
Fig. 8.1 Conceptual model linking social stress to lung growth/development and asthma Early Life Programming of Lung Structure and Function Exposure to negative social factors (e.g., low SES, psychological stress)…
Critical care settings Descriptive studies Mechanistic studies Interventional studies Emergency Department * _ _ Cardiac Critical Care ** * _ Medical Critical Care *** ** _ Neurologic Critical Care ***…
Fig. 12.1 The Intersectionality Theory: Disparities in lung cancer outcomes result from a complex interplay between genetic and social factors which leads to worse prognosis and reduced survival Disparities Due…
Fig. 3.1 An image of London during the Great Smog of 1952 . The tall buildings in the background are completely masked by the thickly polluted air. Source: Getty Images…
Fig. 6.1 Classification of patient population relative to control and medication adherence For patients with poorly controlled asthma, medical treatment guidelines advise clinical intervention and stepping up therapy [48]. But…
Race Condition Reference African Americans Sepsis, pneumonia [11, 14, 24] Asians Aspiration, trauma [10, 11] Hispanics Sepsis, trauma [9, 11] Whites Surgery [9, 11] According to data from a National…
Fig. 7.1 Trends i n death rates overall and for selected sites by sex, United States, 1930–2010. (Reprinted with permission from Siegel et al. [1]) Although the risk of death…
Fig. 3.1 United States Smoking Rates (1974–2009) [9] Notes: (1) A current smoker is a person who has smoked at least 100 cigarettes and who now smokes. In 1992, the…
