GOLD 1 GOLD 2 GOLD 3 GOLD 4 Symptoms 46.9 ± 19.6 51.9 ± 21.7 58.1 ± 18.5** 66.2 ± 23.7*** Activity 47.4 ± 25.8 60.1 ± 20.3 67.9 ± 19.1*** 80.7 ± 13.1*** Impact 25.9 ± 16.4 34.4 ± 17.1* 43.0 ± 19.0*** 57.4 ± 16.3*** Total 36.6 ± 1.4 45.1 ± 15.7* 52.9 ± 16.1*** 66.2 ± 13.1*** Symptoms:…
Fig. 9.1 Classification of interstitial lung disease (ILD). Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) and is the archetypal fibrotic lung disease. All ILDs however…
% presentation [6] % late [7] Cough 79 40 Breathlessness 5 69 Pain 55 64 Anorexia 45 70 Malaise 47 Hemoptysis 35 Hoarseness 11 Dysphagia 7 Vomiting 25 Constipation …
Fig. 11.1 Kaplan–Meier survival curves showing percentage survival of ventilated versus non-ventilated patients 1967–2002 [7] In ALS, NIV improves survival compared to patients who declined or were intolerant of treatment…
Fig. 5.1 Neurological pathways for pain. When the body receives a stimulus that is perceived as painful an impulse is transmitted upward from the peripheries via the spinothalamic tract to…
Fig. 10.1 Age distribution of deaths from cystic fibrosis in the UK 2009. Nowadays very few deaths occur in childhood, the majority occur in early adulthood, and an increasing number…
Fig. 7.1 Chest radiograph showing a trapped and partly deflated left lung following aspiration of pleural fluid with a small bore chest drain. Small right-sided pleural effusion Video-Assisted Pleural Biopsy…
Fig. 13.1 Comprehensive end of life care Crucial to delivering good end of life care is the recognition that palliative care often runs in parallel with disease-modifying treatment and emergency…
Fig. 12.1 ICU care involves invasive technologies such as mechanical ventilation and multi-organ support, with intensive physiological monitoring, to sustain life. These critically ill patients are at high risk of…
3. Lanken PN, Terry PB, DeLisser HM, et al. An official American Thoracic Society clinical policy statement: palliative care for patients with respiratory diseases and critical illnesses. Am J Respir…
