Fig. 13.1 Variation of the 48-h SBP mean throughout gestation in normotensive pregnancies (top; 1408 ABPM profiles of 48-h duration obtained from 235 women) and women who developed either GH…
Fig. 9.1 Relation between office and ambulatory systolic blood pressure in untreated hypertensive subjects enrolled in the “Progetto Ipertensione Umbria monitoraggio Ambulatoriale” (PIUMA) study. For any given value of office…
where n is the number of blood pressure readings, k ranges from 1 to n−1, and w k is the time interval between BP k and BP k + 1. ARV therefore…
Feature OBP ABPM HBPM No. of readings Low High Medium White coat effect Yes No No Operator dependency Yes No No Need of device validation Noa Yes Yes Daytime BP…
Fig. 18.1 24-h patterns in heart rate (HR) and systolic and diastolic BP (upper/lower BP curve) in ten male (closed) and ten female (open) healthy volunteers of an age of…
BP parameter (mmHg) Initial study (mean BP) Two-year study (mean BP) Changes between study periods P-value between study periods Standard deviation of the differences Repeatability coefficient (RC) Clinic systolic 136…
Fig. 15.1 Pathophysiology of hypertension and heart failure. Schematic of the progression from hypertension to LVH to the clinical syndrome of heart failure. (a) The exact mechanisms that determine LV…
Fig. 8.1 Schematic representation of the impact of Bmal1 and Cry1/Cry2 on the circadian variations in blood pressure in mice. (a) Normal situation, (b) Bmal1 knockout mice, (c) Cry1/Cry2 knockout…
Office BP average Not elevated above threshold Elevated above threshold Out-of-office BP average Not elevated above threshold Sustained (“true”) normotension White coat hypertension Elevated above threshold Masked hypertension Sustained…
Fig. 14.1 Prevalence of dipping patterns according to stage of chronic kidney disease. Classifications defined in terms of the sleep-time relative SBP decline: ≥20 % (extreme-dipper), 10–20 % (dipper), 0–10…
