Fig. 33.1 Percutaneous closure of large ASD in adult. (a) Large ASD with significant left-to-right shunt at color Doppler analysis. (b) LV end-diastolic pressure before ASD temporary occlusion. (c) Dynamic…
Fig. 32.1 Example of postsurgical muscular VSD closure. Transesophageal echocardiography of a postsurgical muscular VSD in a 73-year-old male after recurrent aortic valve surgery and myectomy (Qp/Qs ratio 2, evidence…
Fig. 22.1 Aortic coarctation in LAT and AP projections 8. Measurements (lateral projection is most commonly used): diameters of transverse arch distal to the brachiocephalic artery, distal to the…
Fig. 23.1 Angiograms performed in the right femoral vein (a) and left femoral vein (b) show total occlusion of the common iliac veins bilaterally as well as of the infrarenal…
Fig. 21.1 After deliberate overstenting of the left pulmonary artery, an ultrahigh-pressure balloon was inserted across the struts and dilated to its nominal diameter, breaking the stent struts at about…
Drug Induction Maintenance Ketamine 0.5–2 mg/kg 0.01–0.05 mcg/kg/min Midazolam 0.1–0.3 mg/kg 1–3 mcg/kg/min Propofol 1–2 mg/kg 3–5 mg/kg/h Sevoflurane 3–5 % 1–2 % Fentanyl 3–5 mcg/kg 1–2 mcg/kg/min Morphine 0.1…
Fig. 4.1 Chemical structure of iodinated contrast agents and examples of contrast media 4.4 Contrast Reactions 4.4.1 Anaphylactoid Reactions These are essentially anaphylactic reactions but are not initiated by an…
Fig. 14.1 Bilateral occlusion of the femoral veins in a 12-month-old child: dye injection in both veins (a, b) shows the contrast drainage to the right heart via a paravertebral…
© Springer-Verlag Italia 2015Gianfranco Butera, Massimo Chessa, Andreas Eicken and John Thomson (eds.)Cardiac Catheterization for Congenital Heart Disease10.1007/978-88-470-5681-7_1 1. Patient Information and Informed Consent Maarten Witsenburg1 (1) Departments of Congenital and Pediatric Cardiology, Thoraxcentre, Erasmus MC, 2040, 3000…
Fig. 13.1 Hemostasis after transhepatic catheterization: (a) A small volume (1–2 ml) of the contrast is injected to visualize the hepatic veins. (b) An MReye Embolization Coil (0.035 in. × 4 cm × 3…
