Mechanical Unloading and Heart Remodeling Features
Hypertrophy Contractile dysfunction Calcium cycling Cytoskeletal proteins (sarcomeric, non-sarcomeric, membrane) Beta-adrenergic signaling Metabolism and bioenergetics Myocyte death (apoptosis, autophagy, stress) Endothelium and microvasculature Sympathetic innervation Circulating neurohormones, cytokines Cardiac Hypertrophy…