Fig. 12.1 Summary of the main findings regarding BNP and NT pro-BNP in CKD patients Theoretically, overhydration increases parietal stress and secretion of BNP and NTproBNP; therefore, BNP and NTproBNP…
Imaging modality Description Advantages Disadvantages Special consideration with CKD CT angiography of the coronary arteries Contrast CT angiography Non-invasive, high negative predictive value Radiation and contrast exposure Contrast nephropathy; often…
Fig. 14.1 Electrocardiogram (ECG) demonstrating complete heart block After the endomyocardial biopsy results returned indicating myocardial sarcoidosis, he was started on prednisone 60 mg daily which was tapered down to…
Fig. 5.1 Typical cardiac MRI protocol/sequences for imaging for cardiac sarcoidosis, including: scout images; dark blood; T2 weighted; inversion recovery; cinematic (cine) short axis (SA), horizontal long axis (HLA), and…
Fig. 7.1 The role of imaging in cardiac sarcoidosis 1. Diagnosis – Establish the presence or absence of cardiac involvement. 2. Prognosis – Identify patients who have a high…
Prevalence in study series (%) Atrioventricular block 26–67 Bundle branch block 12–61 Atrial arrhythmias 23–25 Ventricular arrhythmias 11–73 Sudden cardiac death 12–65 Congestive heart failure 10–30 Conduction System Disease…
Variable Technique What it means in cardiac sarcoidosis? Resting myocardial perfusion imaging Can be performed by either SPECT or PET myocardial perfusion imaging Resting perfusion defects can be due to…
Fig. 13.1 Hematoxylin and eosin stained lung biopsy from a patient with sarcoidosis and severe pulmonary hypertension. (a) A granuloma (black arrow) in the wall of a pulmonary vein (b)…
Class I Recommendation ICD implantation is recommended in patients with CS and one or more of the following: 1. Spontaneous sustained ventricular arrhythmias, including prior cardiac arrest. 2. The LVEF…
Topic Procedure N (% endorsing) Indications for initiation of immunomodulatory therapy (a) Hypermetabolic activity on a cardiac FDG–PET scan 24 (77.4 %) (b) Delayed enhancement on cardiac MRI 19 (61.3 %) (c)…
