Behavioral mechanisms Pathophysiological mechanisms Unhealthy lifestyle (unhealthy diet,smoking, drinking more alcohol,being sedentary) Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and autonomic nervous system dysfunction: increased sympathetic activity and/or reduced vagal activity, hypercortisolemia and elevated levels…
Fig. 2.1 Quality of Life measured with the Psychological General Wellbeing Index in hypertensive (n = 1539) and normotensive subjects (n = 995) according to age. Reproduced from [15], with…
Study (year) NYHA class Number of patients Influence on HRQoL MUSTIC (2001) III 67 Significant improvement PATH-CHF I (2002) III-IV 42 Significant improvement PATH-CHF II (2003) II-IV 101 Significant improvement…
Fig. 8.1 Survival and health-related quality of life in post-stroke patients (100% represents the highest level of health-related quality of Life) HRQoL directly after stroke is low and is dependent…
Grade Description I Ordinary physical activity does not cause angina, such as walking and climbing stairs. Angina with strenuous or rapid or prolonged exertion at work or recreation. II Slight…
Generic Chronic heart failure-specific or targeted Domain or factor-specific Short Form Health Survey 36 (SF-36) Minnesota Living with Heart Failure (MLHF) Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) Sickness Impact Profile (SIP)…
8. Benzer W, Hofer S, Oldridge NB (2003) Health-related quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease after different treatments for angina in routine clinical practice. Herz 28:421–428PubMedCrossRef 9….
Pain and discomfort energy and fatigue, sexual activity, sleep and rest and sensory functioning Positive feelings thinking, learning, memory, and concentration; self-esteem; bodily image and appearance; and negative feelings Mobility…
Study Number of patients/observation period Questionnaire used Outcome Lönnerholm [32] N = 48, AF patients resistant to pharmacologic treatment/1 year SF-36 -improvement in all domains of the SF-36 with the…
Relative risk 95 % Confidence interval P value Overall 1.48 1.25–1.74 <0.001 CAD 1.46 1.31–1.63 <0.001 Stroke 1.35 1.19–1.54 <0.001 All-cause mortality 1.19 1.05–1.34 0.005 The FRS is a…
