Thoracic Key

Fig. 5.1 Proposed roles and targets of SIRTs in cardioprotection 5.3 Dietary Sodium Sodium, primarily consumed as salt (sodium chloride), is an essential nutrient because sodium and chloride are required…

Fig. 6.1 Dynamics of energy transformation in coupled flows, I, and forces, F, of aerobic metabolism and energy utilization. 2[H] indicates the reduced hydrogen equivalents of carbon substrates with electron…

Fig. 7.1 Beneficial and detrimental effects of alcohol drinking on cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular events. Each effect of alcohol depends on the degree of alcohol consumption. CVD cardiovascular diseases,…

Fig. 8.1 Risk of AMI associated with number smoked, by age group. P for interaction <0.0001. Nev never smokers, Form former smokers. 1–19 and >20 refer to the number of…

Fig. 3.1 A man is as old as his arteries with gender differences. Left: Incidence of ischemic cardiovascular disease: gender differences (From the Framingham Study 1992). Right: Plasma LDL concentration…

Fig. 9.1 Kaplan–Meier survival curves comparing lower-income patients with higher-income patients by education categories. (a) Less educated group [log-rank test, P  <  0.001; (b) More educated group [log-rank test, P…

Fig. 2.1 SA-β-gal activity as cellular senescence. (a) Representative photographs of SA-β-gal staining in passage 8 and 15 of human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVECs). (b) SA-β-gal-positive staining was observed…

Gene SNP Variants Functional consequence References MTHFR  677C>T Homocysteine mediated Wilson et al. (2011), Johnson et al. (2011b) ACE rs4646994  Increased ACE activity Ned et al. (2012) AGT rs11206510 M235T…

Fig. 1.1 Schematic illustration of monogenetic and multifactorial cardiovascular diseases. In monogenetic diseases (left), genetic predisposition is responsible for disease onset induced by a relatively clear molecular pathway. Outcome and…