Thoracic Key

Fig. 3.1 A man is as old as his arteries with gender differences. Left: Incidence of ischemic cardiovascular disease: gender differences (From the Framingham Study 1992). Right: Plasma LDL concentration…

Fig. 9.1 Kaplan–Meier survival curves comparing lower-income patients with higher-income patients by education categories. (a) Less educated group [log-rank test, P  <  0.001; (b) More educated group [log-rank test, P…

Fig. 2.1 SA-β-gal activity as cellular senescence. (a) Representative photographs of SA-β-gal staining in passage 8 and 15 of human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVECs). (b) SA-β-gal-positive staining was observed…

Gene SNP Variants Functional consequence References MTHFR  677C>T Homocysteine mediated Wilson et al. (2011), Johnson et al. (2011b) ACE rs4646994  Increased ACE activity Ned et al. (2012) AGT rs11206510 M235T…

Fig. 1.1 Schematic illustration of monogenetic and multifactorial cardiovascular diseases. In monogenetic diseases (left), genetic predisposition is responsible for disease onset induced by a relatively clear molecular pathway. Outcome and…