Never-smokers Active smokers p Number 1,178 777 Smoking (pack years) 0 30.0 (15.0–43.2) Age 65.3 ± 10.1 56.2 ± 10.3 <0.001a Male Gender (%) 45.4 77.9 <0.001b BMI 27.4 ± 4.2 27.0 ± 4.2 0.833a LDL-C (mg/dl)…
Chapter 6 Oxygenation and External Respiration Oxygenation… These two systems cooperate (respiratory and cardiovascular) to supply the needs of the tissues. One system supplies air; the other supplies blood. Their…
Chapter 7 Oxygen Transport and Internal Respiration Oxygen transport … … a proper type and quality of hemoglobin are also necessary for optimal loading and unloading of O2, and the…
Chapter 11 Hypoxia: Assessment and Intervention Hypoxia not only breaks the machine, it wrecks the machinery. T. S. Haldane376 Clearly, the process of tissue oxygen delivery is a complex one…
Chapter 9 Assessment and Treatment of Hypoxemia and Shunting Hypoxemia… …cardiac output, oxygen consumption, hemoglobin content, alveolar ventilation or lung disease can each change, sometimes simultaneously and in opposite directions,…
Chapter 8 Acid-Base Homeostasis The body’s defenses against blood pH changes operate at different time rates. Chemical buffering is almost instantaneous; pulmonary responses occur in minutes; renal responses in hours…
Chapter 16 Arterial Blood Gas Case Studies Outline Narcotic Overdose Unexplained Acidemia Gastrointestinal Disturbance Status Asthmaticus Acute Respiratory Acidemia Nasogastric Suction Unexplained Alkalemia Oxygenation Disturbance Diabetic Patient Acute Exacerbation of…
Chapter 4 Blood Gas Electrodes and Quality Assurance Regarding bench blood gas analysis … … we have identified a need to restate principles and knowledge which used to be better…
Chapter 2 Blood Gas Classification Of all the concepts employed in the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory disorders, few are more important or less well understood than those of blood…
Chapter 15 Noninvasive Blood Gas Monitoring Pulse oximetry is arguably the most significant technological advance ever made in monitoring the well-being and safety of patients during anesthesia, recovery, and critical…
