Thoracic Key

Fig. 3.1 Diagram of the cardiac conduction system and action potential. Firstly, the sinoatrial (SA) node at the junction between the superior vena cava and the right atrium initiates the…

Fig. 2.1 (a) Circle. The RCA and LCX make a circle along the both atrioventricular grooves. (b) Loop. The LAD and PDA make a loop along the anterior and posterior…

Fig. 6.1 Invasive coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) of the left anterior descending artery (LAD). (a) Invasive angiogram shows significant coronary artery stenosis in the proximal segment of LAD…

Cause Age group Comments Pathologic mechanism Atherosclerosis Adults (>50 years) Most common cause of coronary artery aneurysm or ectasia Local mechanical stress from stenosis, atherosclerotic pathologic findings extending into tunica…

Fig. 11.1 Schematic illustration of basic principles of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). Time-intensity curve at normal and pathologic myocardium after administration of contrast media (arrow) 11.2.1.2 LGE: Comparison with Other…

  Subset of CAD by anatomy Classa For prognosis Left main >50 %b I Any proximal LAD stenosis >50 %b I 2VD or 3VD with impaired LV functionb I Proven large area…

Fig. 17.1 Typical finding of normal aortic valve and aortic root. Oblique axial images of CT (a, b) show normal-sized opening of aortic valve in mid-systole (a) and normal coaptation…

Fig. 7.1 1.5 T Free-breathing whole heart coronary MR angiography in a subject with normal coronary artery. Non-contrast-enhanced three-dimensional coronary MR angiography images were acquired with a 1.5 T MR…

Fig. 14.1 Dynamic LVOT obstruction. Asymmetric septal HCM with systolic anterior motion (SAM) in a 74-year-old man who presented with chest tightness. (a) Schematic illustration of LVOT obstruction. (b) Four-chamber…

Parameters Conditions Prospective data acquisition At 80 % of R-R interval Tube voltage 130 kVp Tube current (630 mA) Slice thickness (3 mm) Acquisition time (100 ms) Contrast enhancement None…