Metastatic Disease of the Thoracic Spinal Column
20 Metastatic Disease of the Thoracic Spinal Column Ori Barzilai, Mark H. Bilsky, and Ilya Laufer Abstract Therapy for metastatic tumor treatment serves a palliative function and must be directed…
Scheuermann’s Kyphosis
9 Scheuermann’s Kyphosis Francis Lovecchio, Michael E. Steinhaus, and Han Jo Kim Abstract Scheuermann’s kyphosis was first described in 1921 in Europe and remains a relatively common condition encountered by…
Clinical Presentation of Thoracic Spinal Compression
4 Clinical Presentation of Thoracic Spinal Compression Bridget T. Carey Abstract The thoracic segment of the spine has unique anatomical and neuroanatomical features that differentiate it from the cervical spine…
Spondyloarthropathies
15 Spondyloarthropathies Navika Shukla, Allen Ho, Arjun V. Pendharkar, Eric S. Sussman, and Atman Desai Abstract Ankylosing spondylitis is a spondyloarthropathy consisting of degenerative and inflammatory changes of the spinal…
Approach to Aortic Valve Disease
Fig. 5.1 A cartoon of the histology of the initial plaque of aortic stenosis is demonstrated. There is a remarkable similarity to the atherosclerotic plaque of coronary artery disease with…
Assessment of Primary Mitral Valve Disease: Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, Medical and Surgical Therapy
Grade Definition Valve anatomy Valve hemodynamicsa Hemodynamic consequences Symptoms A At risk of MR • Mild mitral valve prolapse with normal coaptation • Mild valve thickening and leaflet restriction • No MR jet…
