3.12 Ventricular Extrasystole Ventricular Extrasystole—Singular Mechanism: Focal activity, interventricular reentry, or reentry around scars (infarct, patch, etc.) ECG characteristics: Premature widened QRS complex with compensatory pause (2 × RR) With…
5.1 Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Mechanism: Hypertrophy of the left ventricular musculature as a consequence of systolic or diastolic overload This determines: Rotation of the cardiac axis in…
5.12 ECG Changes With Electrolyte Shifts Digitalis Characteristics: Positive inotropic substance Mechanism of action: Blockade of sodium–potassium–ATPase, causing an increase in intracellular calcium Among other features, slowing of conduction at…
5.4 Pericarditis and Myocarditis Pericarditis ECG characteristics: Etiology: Inflammatory (viral, bacterial, fungi, TB) Post infarct (Dressler syndrome) Metabolic Systemic disease ECG characteristics: ST segment elevation with S saw-toothing Initially positive…
5.13 P Wave Changes Morphological Changes of the PWave (I) Mechanism: Systolic or diastolic overload of the right atrium resulting in hypertrophy ECG characteristics: Pin II, III ≥ 0.3 mV…
4.6 Stress-Induced Ischemia in the Infarct Region Following Posterior Myocardial Infarction Stress-Induced Ischemia in the Infarct Region Following Anterior Myocardial Infarction Differential diagnosis: Condition post anterior wall infarction Occurrence of…
3.6 Supraventricular Extrasystole SVES, Singular Mechanism: Focal atrial activity or intraatrial reentry AV node conduction capacity determines conduction to the ventricles (QRS complex) ECG characteristics: Premature P wave (often other…
4.5 Resting Ischemia in the Anterior Wall Region Following Posterior Wall Infarction Status Post Septal Infarction With Bifascicular Block
5.2 Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy ECG characteristics: Etiology: Genetic defect in chromosome 1, 11, 14, or 15; encoding of pathological myofibrils ECG characteristics: Often highly positive Sokolow index…
3.7 Atrial Tachycardia Focal Atrial Tachycardia Mechanism: Increased automaticity of a left atrial focus Predisposition for the origin: In the region of the opening of the coronary sinus In the…
