Fig. 16.1 Patent results for the term “cardiac valve” within a US patent database 16.3 Market-Released Cardiac Valves The most commonly used devices currently available for valve replacement or repair…
Fig. 3.1 Median sternotomy approach for mitral valve repair. (a) The arterial cannula is in the ascending aorta along with a cannula for antegrade cardioplegia (white). The vena cavae have…
Fig. 5.1 (a) Theodore Tuffier, (b) Alexis Carrel, and (c) Henry Souttar A 26-year-old male was prepped for surgery on July 13, 1912 (Table 5.1). “I observed, in a young…
Fig. 17.1 Timeline of medical device development There are various types of heart valve clinical trials, from trials where a novel valve technology is being used for the first time…
Fig. 13.1 Graph illustrating the condition number of the material matrix [D] as the Poisson’s ratio approaches 0.5 Fig. 13.2 (a) Geometry of a plug of “soft tissue;” the top…
As long as the wall stress remains normal, the ventricular systolic performance (ejection fraction) will be maintained. In this setting, the cardiac output will be preserved and the patient may…
Fig. 3.1 Gesell’s description of the association between atrial fibrillation and a drop in the arterial pressure Atrial fibrillation (AF) affects more than 2 million patients in the United Sates,…
Fig. 10.1 Organization of the autonomic nervous system demonstrating the key interactions involving the brain, heart, and kidney. SA sino-atrial node (Reproduced with permission from Singh et al. [159]) 10.2…
Fig. 12.1 Effects on cardiovascular and renal function due to reduced sympathetic and increased parasympathetic drive resulting from baroreflex activation. After Floras [22] The buffering action of the baroreflex on…
Fig. 8.1 Baroreflex changes with sleep in one subject. Each line represents one baroreflex sensitivity estimation. A average systolic pressure awake, both before and after sleep, S average systolic pressure…
