History of Heart Valve Repair
Fig. 5.1 (a) Theodore Tuffier, (b) Alexis Carrel, and (c) Henry Souttar A 26-year-old male was prepped for surgery on July 13, 1912 (Table 5.1). “I observed, in a young…
Clinical Trial Requirements for Cardiac Valves
Fig. 17.1 Timeline of medical device development There are various types of heart valve clinical trials, from trials where a novel valve technology is being used for the first time…
Numerical Methods for Design and Evaluation of Prosthetic Heart Valves
Fig. 13.1 Graph illustrating the condition number of the material matrix [D] as the Poisson’s ratio approaches 0.5 Fig. 13.2 (a) Geometry of a plug of “soft tissue;” the top…
Acquired Valve Disease and Processes
As long as the wall stress remains normal, the ventricular systolic performance (ejection fraction) will be maintained. In this setting, the cardiac output will be preserved and the patient may…
Atrial Fibrillation, Heart Failure, and the Autonomic Nervous System
Fig. 3.1 Gesell’s description of the association between atrial fibrillation and a drop in the arterial pressure Atrial fibrillation (AF) affects more than 2 million patients in the United Sates,…
The Autonomic Cardiorenal Crosstalk: Pathophysiology and Implications for Heart Failure Management
Fig. 10.1 Organization of the autonomic nervous system demonstrating the key interactions involving the brain, heart, and kidney. SA sino-atrial node (Reproduced with permission from Singh et al. [159]) 10.2…
Baroreflex Activation Therapy in Heart Failure
Fig. 12.1 Effects on cardiovascular and renal function due to reduced sympathetic and increased parasympathetic drive resulting from baroreflex activation. After Floras [22] The buffering action of the baroreflex on…
Whispering During Sleep: Autonomic Signaling During Sleep, Sleep Apnea, and Sudden Death
Fig. 8.1 Baroreflex changes with sleep in one subject. Each line represents one baroreflex sensitivity estimation. A average systolic pressure awake, both before and after sleep, S average systolic pressure…
Current Therapies for Ventricular Tachycardia: Are there Autonomic Implications of the Arrhythmogenic Substrate?
Fig. 4.1 Scheme of autonomic innervation of the heart. The cardiac sympathetic ganglia consist of cervical ganglia, stellate ganglia, and thoracic ganglia. Parasympathetic innervation comes from the vagal nerve (Reproduced…
Cardiovascular Serenade: Listening to the Heart
Fig. 7.1 Heart rate variability levels in patients with subsequent heart failure events (With permission from Ref. [10]) Subsequently, several novel HRV methods were introduced into device-based diagnostic packages, each…
