Thoracic Key

, Cesare Cuspidi2 and Sverre E. Kjeldsen3, 4 (1) University of Milano Bicocca–IRCCS Istituto Auxologico, Italiano, Milan, Italy (2) University of Milano-Bicocca – Dept. of Health Sciences-IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano Centro Ricerche Cliniche,…

Fig. 3.1 Assessment of global LV volume Importantly, reference values for 3D echocardiography-derived LV volumes and LVEF have been published from a large cohort of subjects free of cardiovascular disease,…

Fig. 10.1 Blood pressure drop in the vascular bed, from large, conductance arteries to veins (Redrawn from Ref. [1]). MAP mean arterial pressure, VP venous pressure In the different forms…

Fig. 8.1 Human carotid plaques stained histologically for neutral lipids (seen in red, Oil Red O). (a) A stable plaque with a thick cap and low lipid content. (b) An…

Fig. 9.1 Layout of post-processing of a contrast-enhanced CT with synchronised axial, 3-D rendering imaging, sagittal and coronal multi-planar reconstructions (clockwise) Fig. 9.2 Post-processing of a contrast-enhanced CT scan of…

Fig. 4.1 Examples of ultrasound image (a) and of echo-tracking radio-frequency image (b) of the carotid vessels The normal IMT values are influenced by age and sex. IMT normal values…

Grade Features 1 Mild generalized retinal arteriolar narrowing 2 Definite focal narrowing and arteriovenous nipping 3 Signs of grade 2 retinopathy plus retinal hemorrhages, exudates, and cotton wool spots 4…

  Amplitude First author of study Year of study publication Limb lead voltage (R I–S I) + (S III–R III) >16 mm Lewis 1914 R I + S III >25 mm Gubner 1943 R…

Fig. 18.1 Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) (Copyright Z. Nasreddine MD. Reproduced with permission. Copies are available at www.​mocatest.​org) The MoCA test showed excellent sensitivity and specificity in identifying VCI and…