Thoracic Key

Fig. 2.1 A model showing type II cell progenitor functions following alveoli injury. (a) Schematic representation of alveoli. (b) Section of mouse lung alveoli region stained by type II cell…

Fig. 13.1 (a) Immunofluorescence for CXCL12, CXCR4, CXCR7, and c-kit in mice lung exposed to chronic hypoxia (10 % oxygen for 3 weeks) or normoxia. Scale bars = 50 μm; (b) Pulmonary…

Fig. 17.1 Significant differences between early and late outgrowth EPCs. Most importantly, late outgrowth EPCs are highly proliferative and are able to independently form a vascular network. Early outgrowth EPCs…

Fig. 14.1 Pathobiology of pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension. The pulmonary artery is normally characterized by a single endothelial monolayer, a smooth muscle medial layer, and an adventitial layer….

Fig. 12.1 The pulmonary arterial vascular tree. The pulmonary arterial circulation is characterized by a gradual loss of complexity and muscularization from proximal to distal branches of the vascular tree…

Fig. 5.1 Human cells are found in the lungs of bleomycin-treated mice after transplantation with hES cells differentiated into lung lineage-specific cells. 3,3′-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) immunocytochemistry using anti-human nuclear factor antibody…

Fig. 8.1 Schematic of ex vivo organ engineering. Autologous cells are obtained by a biopsy from the eventual transplant recipient and expanded in ex vivo culture. A scaffold, either synthetic…

Fig. 6.1 Mechanisms of action of MSCs. MSCs promote benefitial effects through cell-to-cell interactions and through secretion of soluble mediators, microvesicles and whole organelles, that can directly affect many cells,…