Mitochondrion: A Missing Link in Asthma Pathogenesis
Fig. 3.1 Schematic diagram of human mitochondrial genome to show the mtDNA-derived 13 polypeptides, 22 tRNAs (each was named based on respective amino acid), and two rRNAs (12S and 16S)….
ROS Signaling in Cardiovascular Dysfunction Associated with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Fig. 4.1 Proposed mechanism of blood pressure elevation in patients with OSA Effects of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) on Arterial Hypertension in OSA Patients In OSA patients, nasal CPAP…
Role of Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species in Respiratory Diseases
Fig. 1.1 Pathway and sites of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and ROS formation. Molecular oxygen is activated at complexes I, II, and III to superoxide anion (O2.−) in the mitochondrial inner…
Regulation of Mitochondrial Functions by Transcription Factor NRF2
Fig. 2.1 Regulation of mitophagy and autophagy. Schematic summarizes the p62/SQSTM1-regulated formation of autophagosome for recycling the damaged mitochondria and misfolded and aggregated proteins. Autophagy and mitophagy proceed through several…
Mitochondrial Lipid Peroxidation in Lung Damage and Disease
Fig. 6.1 ROS-mediated peroxidation of CL forming different molecular species of PUFA hydroperoxides. ROS causes peroxidation of linoleic acid in CL and forms monohydroperoxide and dihydroperoxides on one linoleate ester….
The Impact of DNA Damage on Epithelial Cell Maintenance of the Lung
43. Shadel GS, Clayton DA. Mitochondrial DNA maintenance in vertebrates. Annu Rev Biochem. 1997;66:409–35.PubMed 44. Iborra FJ, Kimura H, Cook PR. The functional organization of mitochondrial genomes in human cells….
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Stem Cell Hypothesis
Fig. 16.1 This schematic places pulmonary vascular cell apoptosis, in particular endothelial cell apoptosis, in the center of the lung vascular remodeling process which results in exuberant wound healing. Autophagy…
Lung Microvascular Endothelium as a Putative Progenitor Cell Niche
Fig. 11.1 Proangiogenic hematopoietic cells may interact with resident endothelial progenitor cells to promote neoangiogenesis. Circulating hematopoietic (bone marrow-derived) cells are proposed to provide paracrine signals that stimulate resident endothelial…
The Use of Embryonic Stem Cells and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Model Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Fig. 18.1 Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) differentiation was confirmed via multi-lineage differentiation. (a, b) WT and BMPR2 mutant iPSC were differentiated to MSC. Subsequent MSC were analyzed for their potential…
Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Fig. 9.1 Classification of endothelial cell colonies. Endothelial cell colonies are isolated from mononuclear cell fractions of cord blood, peripheral blood circulation, or derived from endothelial cell cultures after single…
