Thoracic Key

3.1 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 3.2 Interstitial lung disease 3.3 Other pulmonary diseases with mixed restrictive and obstructive pattern 3.4 Sleep-disordered breathing 3.5 Alveolar hypoventilation disorders 3.6 Chronic exposure to…

Fig. 13.1 Survival among the 41 patients treated with epoprostenol and the 40 patients receiving conventional therapy. Data on patients who underwent transplantation during the 12-week study were censored at…

Fig. 5.1 Group 2 pulmonary hypertension subcategories (left heart disease). Reproduced with permission [1] Table 5.1 Definitions used in the description of pulmonary hypertension Nomenclature Description Physiologic definition Hemodynamic criteria…

Fig. 1.1 A reproduction of Galen’s scheme. In Galen’s schema, the venous, arterial, and nervous systems, with the liver, heart, and brain as their respective centers, were separate, and each…

Fig. 15.1 Vascular synthesis of cGMP. Cyclic GMP can be synthesised by two distinct mechanisms: NO-stimulated sGC activity and natriuretic peptide-triggered pGC turnover. Therapeutically, sGC-mediated cGMP generation can be recapitulated…

Fig. 14.1 Effect of bosentan on the primary endpoint of change in 6-min walk distance at week 16 from the BREATHE-1 trial. Based on a placebo-corrected improvement in walk distance…

Group Subgroup 1. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) 1.1. Idiopathic PAH 1.2. Heritable  1.2.1. BMPR2  1.2.2. ALK1, endoglin, SMAD9, CAV1, KCNK3  1.2.3. Unknown 1.3. Drug- and toxin-induced 1.4. Associated with  1.4.1….

Fig. 18.1 Right ventricular pressure–volume curve from normal subject (a) and from patient with increased right ventricular afterload (b). Adapted from Redington et al. [7] Coronary perfusion also differs between…