Pleurodesis
Fig. 60.1 CT scan of mesothelioma on the right side. The right lung is surrounded by pleural tumour, and the middle and lower lobe are compressed by pleural effusion Fig….
Balloon Dilation Techniques
Intubation Surgical anastomotic (i.e., sleeve resection, transplant) Infectious (i.e., tuberculosis) Inflammatory (i.e., sarcoidosis, Wegener’s granulomatosis) Malignant Idiopathic Radiation Inhalational injury Malignant stenosis Trauma Balloon Characteristics The main characteristic of balloons…
Use of Medical Lasers for Airway Disease
Laser Wavelength (nm) Delivery device Scope Depth of penetration Uses Coagulation Cutting Nd:YAG 1,060 Quartz fiber RB/FB 0.5–1.5 cm +++ + CO2 10,600 Coupler and waveguide RB 0.23 mm +…
Approach to Unclear Exudates
Light’s criteria Value Pleural fluid to serum protein ratio >0.5 Pleural fluid to serum LDH ratio >0.6 Pleural fluid LDH concentration >2/3 upper limit of lab normal value Table 65.2…
Advanced Medical Thoracoscopy-Pleuroscopy Procedures
Fig. 61.1 Bulla of the apex in white light (a) and after inhalation of fluorescein (b) (Courtesy of Prof. Marc Noppen) Another technique applied recently to investigate bullous or emphysematous…
Cricothyroidotomy
Fig. 67.1 Anterior neck landmarks for cricothyroidotomy (From Montgomery W. Surgery of the Larynx, Trachea and Esophagus. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2002, p. 261. Reprinted with permission from Elsevier) The CT membrane…
Management of Massive Hemoptysis
Infection Tuberculosis/mycobacterial infection Bronchiectasis Fungal infections (primary or mycetoma) Lung abscess Paragonimiasis Hydatid cyst Necrotizing pneumonia Septic emboli Neoplasm Lung cancer (non-small or small cell) Pulmonary carcinoid Endobronchial metastases Parenchymal…
Quality Control Mechanism for Endoscopic Procedures
Fig. 5.1 Typical quality control steps Fig. 5.2 Typical quality assurance steps Methods of Quality Improvement Developing a quality monitoring process requires the use of an established system. This system…
Brachytherapy
Score Hemoptysis 0 None 1 Less than twice per week 2 Less than once daily but greater than twice per week 3 Daily, bright red blood or clot 4 Decrease…
Thoracentesis
Volume of pleural fluid Physical examination findings <250–300 cm3 Probable normal examination 500 cm3 1. Dullness to percussion 2. Decreased fremitus 3. Normal vesicular breath sounds but decreased intensity 1,000…
