Lower Limb Venous Anatomy
Fig. 2.1 (a, b) SFJ anatomy Fig 2.2 Posterior tibial group of medial calf perforators The location of the SFJ as per textbooks of anatomy is 4 cm below and…
Primary Varicose Veins: Symptoms and Diagnosis
Fig. 6.1 Handheld Doppler unit 1. Transmitting Piezo crystal that emits ultrasound waves when agitated by passing an electric current. 2. Receiving crystal, which collects the reflected waves. …
Chronic Venous Disorders: Classification, Severity Assessment, and Nomenclature
Clinical class Description C0 No visible or palpable signs of venous disease C1 Telangiectases or reticular veins C2 Varicose veins C3 Edema C4 Changes in the skin and subcutaneous tissue …
Venous Diseases: A Historical Survey
Fig. 1.1 Friedrich Trendelenburg (1844–1924) Madelung and William Moore were other prominent personalities who contributed to the surgical treatment of varicose veins [15]. William Moore can be credited with outpatient…
Arrhythmias
(1) Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA KeywordsBradycardiaTachycardiaFibrillationFlutterReentryArrhythmia In the initial approach to an arrhythmia, three key questions must be answered. If the…
Components of the Electrocardiogram: The Normal Tracing
(1) Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA KeywordsNormalRateRhythmAxisIntervalsWaveformPRQRSQTST The heart is a remarkable organ, responsible for the coordinated pumping of blood through the…
Atrioventricular (AV) Block
(1) Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA KeywordsFirst degreeSecond degreeThird degreeAV blockWenckebachMobitz IMobitz IIEscapeDissociation There are three types of atrioventricular (AV) node block:…
Myocardial Infarction and Ischemia
(1) Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA KeywordsInfarctionIschemiaPathologicQ wavesST depressionST elevationT wave inversionReversibleReciprocal Myocardial infarction occurs when oxygen delivery to the myocardium is…
Bundle Branch Blocks and Hemiblocks
(1) Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA KeywordsBundle branchFascicleBlockTrifascicular blockAxisQRS The conduction system of the heart is shown in Fig. 5.1. Under normal…
