SNC alterations Congenital and acquired disorders of the control of the respiratory center Myelomeningocele and Arnold-Chiari malformations Alterations in the ventilation pump Congenital hypotonias Myasthenia gravis Phrenic and diaphragmatic paralysis…
Fig. 63.1 Airway epithelium Fig. 63.2 Forced expiration and choke point. (a) The choke point moves and gets closer to the mucous plug. (b) The plug is tapped at the…
Fig. 59.1 Self-care theory Nursing Care Management Management of care involves clinical processes linked to people’s healthcare. Management of clinical processes can be seen as the most appropriate for adjusting…
Parameter Score 0 1 2 Respiratory sounds None Rough Delayed Stridor None Inspiratory Biphasic Cough/voice None Dysphonic cry Canine cough Retraction None Suprasternal 1 + intercostal Cyanosis None With air With 40%…
Fig. 48.1 Polysomnography in severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Lines represent 60 s of sleep N2. Two obstructive events are shown (in red). Desaturations (in green) can be observed toward…
Fig. 46.1 Clinical presentations of pulmonary aspergillosis. AF Aspergillus fumigatus, PDC chronic pulmonary disease, CF cystic fibrosis, ABPA allergic pulmonary aspergillosis Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis The greatest risk factors for invasive…
Type I SBD Type II SBD Type III SBD Adenotonsillar hypertrophy without obesity Obesity with mild-to-moderate adenotonsillar hypertrophy Neuromuscular diseases Down syndrome Arnold–Chiari malformation Cerebral palsy Craniofacial syndromes: Pierre Robin…
Transcutaneous Measurement of Oxygen Saturation Pulse oximeters do not measure oxygen concentrations in the plasma; rather, they measure the proportion of hemoglobin that carries oxygen molecules, which is termed oxygen…
Presentation Hypotonic infant Delayed psychomotor development Swallowing disorder Gait alteration, frequent falls Central neurological symptoms: epileptic seizures Lack of strength, fatigability Muscular pain, cramps Orthopedic alterations: clubfoot, equinus foot, pes cavus,…
