Non-invasive Ventilation
NIV indications (a) Patients with chronic respiratory failure and sleep-related hypoventilation syndromes with at least one criterion: Frequent SpO2 <90% in continuous 8-hour observation FVC <50%; PiMax <40…
Hospitalization Due to Chronic Respiratory Diseases
Clinic Social-ethic Hemodynamic stability during the past 2 weeks Stable ventilatory parameters for the past 3 weeks, with FiO2 lower than 0.4. Last arterial blood gasses without acidosis Permeable airway, mature tracheotomy…
Reflux and Respiratory Diseases
Study Usefulness Observations Esophageal pH-metry Evaluates the presence of acidic fluid Useful to evaluate anti-GER treatment Does not detect mildly acidic or non-acidic fluids Esophageal pH-metry multichannel intraluminal impedance Evaluates…
Clinical and Diagnosis Approach
Fig. 41.1 Inflammation physiopathology Physiopathology The main asthma mechanism is caused by the reduction of the caliber of the airway. Factors that may contribute to this are enlargement of the…
of Asthma Risk in Infants and Preschoolers
Major criteria Minor criteria Father or mother with asthma diagnosed by a medical doctor. Eczema diagnosed by medical doctor. Allergic rhinitis diagnosed by medical doctor Wheezing episodes not related to…
Caused by Emerging Viral Agents
Fig. 34.1 Age distribution for MERS . (Source: http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/RRA-MERS-CoV-thirteenth-update.pdf) Clinical presentation is characterized by fever, cough, myalgia, and diarrhea. The disease has a wide symptomatic spectrum, which can range from…
Defense Mechanisms of the Respiratory System
Receptor Ligands TLR1 Bacterial lipoproteins TLR2 Lipopeptides, lipoteichoic acid TLR3 Double-stranded RNA TLR4 Lipopolysaccharides TLR5 Flagellin TLR6 Lipopeptides TLR7/TLR8 Imidazoquinolines, single-stranded RNA TLR9 Unmethylated CpG DNA TLR10 Unknown NOD-like receptor…
Frontiers in Research on the Respiratory System
Type and consequences Examples of mutations Potential therapies 1. No CFTR synthesis G542X, W1282X, R553X, 3950delT PTC124 2. Abnormal CFTR retained in the endoplasmic reticulum and damaged ΔF508 VX-809 VX-700…
for Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (PARDS)
Fig. 16.1 (a, b) The evolution of ECMO technology over time from large, complex systems to compact modern devices Irrespective of the changes over the last several decades, ECMO consists…
Interactions and Cardiovascular Support in Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Fig. 13.1 Ventricular pressure stroke volume curve. With a decrease in systemic venous return, the ventricle moves from position C to B, diastolic volume and therefore pressure decrease while stroke…
