Chapter 2 Not Just ‘Small Adults’: Paediatric Anatomy and Physiology in Relation to Trauma Written by B.M. Morrow Children cannot be considered merely as ‘small adults’. Children are fundamentally different…
Chapter 7 Multiple Orthopaedic Injuries Written by N. Plani, H. van Aswegen and B.M. Morrow An increase in death rate due to traumatic injury is projected by the World Health…
Chapter 1 Physiological Response to Trauma Written by H. van Aswegen Trauma is sometimes referred to as the hidden epidemic, as it tends to get much less media attention than…
Chapter 3 Trauma and Immunosuppressive Diseases Written by H. van Aswegen and B.M. Morrow Nobody is exempt of the risk from being involved in a traumatic event. The result is…
1.4 Acid–base balance The basics The terms acidity and alkalinity simply refer to the concentration of free hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution. H+ concentration can be expressed directly in…
1.9 Making ABG interpretation easy The golden rule for making ABG interpretation easy is to assess pulmonary gas exchange and acid base status independently. Assessing pulmonary gas exchange • Using…
1.2 Pulmonary gas exchange The basics Our cells use oxygen (O2) to generate energy and produce carbon dioxide (CO2) as waste. Blood supplies cells with the O2 they need and…
1.3 Disorders of gas exchange Hypoxia, hypoxaemia and impaired oxygenation The above terms are often used interchangeably but mean different things. Hypoxia refers to any state in which tissues receive…
1.6 ABG sampling technique Before you can interpret an ABG you must, of course, obtain a sample of arterial blood. The following steps should be used as a guide but…
