Venous Surgery
Complications, risks, and consequences Estimated frequency Most significant/serious complications Bleeding/bruising >80 % Hematoma formation 20–50 % Infection 1–5 % Nerve injury (overall) 1–5 % Saphenous nerve (stripping to knee) 1–5…
Blood Transfusion
Complications, risks, and consequences Estimated frequency Most significant/serious complications Fever (mild, moderate, high)a 5–20 % Myocardial problems (cardiac failure, infarction)a 1–5 % Renal failurea 1–5 % Jaundicea 1–5 % Immunological…
Amputation Surgery
Complications, risks, and consequences Estimated frequency Most significant/serious complications Infection (overall) 1–5 % Wound 1–5 % Bone associated (osteomyelitis) 0.1–1 % Systemic sepsis 0.1–1 % Bleeding or hematoma formation Wound…
Cardiac Surgery
Complications, risks, and consequences Estimatedfrequency Most significant/serious complications Infection Subcutaneous/wound 1–5 % Intrathoracic (pneumonia; pleural; empyema; abscess) 1–5 % Mediastinitis 0.1–1 % Osteomyelitis of sternum 1–5 % Systemic 1–5 %…
Robotic Mitral Valve Repair: Techniques and Results
Previous right thoracotomy Severe liver dysfunction Bleeding disorders Pulmonary hypertension (Fixed PAS >60 Torr) Significant aortic valve disease Coronary artery disease requiring surgery Recent myocardial ischemia (<30 days) Recent stroke…
Three Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiographic Planning
Fig. 4.1 3D image of a normal mitral valve seen en face from the classic surgeon’s view. The image was acquired with the full volume mode. The aortic valve (AV)…
Robotic Endoscopic Mitral Valve Repair: Trans-thoracic Clamp Technique
Fig. 21.1 Patient position: the patient is placed on the operating table with the right side shifted to the edge. The right arm is placed below the operating table and…
Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation: The Robotic Cryo-Maze
Fig. 27.1 (a) Left atriotomy: using robotic curved scissors and Rosano forceps, the inter-atrial groove grove must be developed medial to right pulmonary veins. One has to be certain that…
Leaflet Edge-to-Edge Mitral Valve Repair
Fig. 18.1 Double orifice repair: the edge-to-edge technique, shown here, is used to repair large segments of redundant mitral leaflet. This is especially applicable to central mitral valve leaks Fig….
Robotic Mitral Valve Repair: Thru-port (IntraClude™) Intra-aortic Balloon Occlusion Technique
Fig. 23.1 Patient positioning with “roll” elevations: the patient is placed on the operating table with the neck and lower legs flexed slightly. Towel ‘rolls’ are placed under the neck,…
