Thoracic Key

(1) Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin Ospedale Molinette, Turin, Italy   Abstract The vertebral artery (VA) originates from the subclavian artery. It runs posterosuperiorly behind the anterior scalene muscle,…

(1) Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin Ospedale Molinette, Turin, Italy   Abstract The anterior cerebral artery (ACA) arises as a branch of the primitive olfactory artery which originates from…

(1) Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin Ospedale Molinette, Turin, Italy   Abstract Early in the embryogenesis, both primitive proximal ECA and ICA arise separately from the primitive third aortic…

(1) Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin Ospedale Molinette, Turin, Italy   Abstract Arteriovenous fistulas are direct abnormal communications between arteries and veins. They can occur in any location where…

(1) Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin Ospedale Molinette, Turin, Italy   Abstract A venous thrombosis involving the SSS linked to an infectious disease was described about 200 years ago…

(1) Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin Ospedale Molinette, Turin, Italy   Abstract There are many cardiac diseases responsible for cerebral ischemia, which is frequently the result of emboli in…

(1) Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin Ospedale Molinette, Turin, Italy   Abstract Embryologically, the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) is a branch of the internal carotid artery arising from its…

(1) Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin Ospedale Molinette, Turin, Italy   Abstract The origin of the ophthalmic artery and the several connections of the intraorbital vessels with those of…

(1) Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin Ospedale Molinette, Turin, Italy   Abstract In the study of the normal aortic arch and brachiocephalic arteries and of their possible variants, some…