Role of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Fig. 16.1 Schematic representation of the force balance on the mitral leaflets. Increased tethering forces from a dilated left ventricle oppose the force of transmitral pressure which acts to close…
Preoperative Echocardiographic Evaluation of Secondary Mitral Valve Regurgitation
Fig. 8.1 Schematic of the mechanism underlying ischemic (functional) mitral regurgitation; see text for details. Ischemic LV distortion results in papillary muscle displacement, leaflet tethering and annular dilation. This restricts…
Functional Classification of Secondary Mitral Valve Regurgitation
Fig. 4.1 Mitral valve annulus by 3D – echocardiography and dedicated software, by comparison in a normal individual and a patient with dilated cardiomiopathy and secondary mitral regurgitation; A –…
Clinical Prognostic Value of Secondary Mitral Valve Regurgitation
, Francesco Grigioni2 and Maurice Enriquez-Sarano3 (1) Department of Cardiology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel (2) Department of Cardiology, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy (3) Department of Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA…
Management After Secondary Mitral Valve Repair
Fig. 21.1 Pre-operative Surgical decision making in secondary mitral valve regurgitation. AML anterior mitral leaflet, MV mitral valve Fig. 21.2 Actuarial survival and improved by at least one New York…
The Role of the “Edge-to-Edge” in Mitral Valve Repair
Fig. 13.1 Preoperative echocardiographic measurement of the coaptation depth and tenting area of the mitral valve in a patient with functional MR From a technical point of view, an IABP…
Chordal Cutting: State of the Art
Fig. 12.1 Mechanism of Ischemic MR. Imbalance between increased tethering forces (annular dilatation, LV dilatation, papillary muscles displacement, LV sphericity) and decrease of closing forces (LV dysfunction) resulting into reducing…
Anatomical Changes Associated with Secondary Mitral Regurgitation: Difference Between Ischemic and Idiopathic Cardiomyopathy
Fig. 2.1 3D mitral valve apparatus reconstruction in SMR using Q-Laboratory MVQ Software (Version 6.0, Philips Medical Systems) (From the collection of 3D echocardiographic reproductions of Fattouch K, Castrovinci S,…
Mitral Prosthesis Insertion for Functional Mitral Regurgitation: Indications and Results
(n) 3 years 4 years 5 years 10 years Lamas et al. [3] MR− (586) 87 % CV surv MR+ (141) 66 % p .0022 Grigioni et al. [4]…
Timing and Patient’s Selection for Surgical Repair of Secondary Mitral Valve Regurgitation
Fig. 7.1 Indications for intervention in secondary MR regurgitation. (a) Reparability of the MV and exercise-induced dyspnea with a significant increase in MR severity and pulmonary hypertension during exercise echocardiography…
