Fig. 31.1 Practice print materials: Information brochure and sample page. UPSG Risk Stratification Booklet. Referring Physician Quarterly Mailer Folder. Annual Heart and Brain Symposium Program. SPACE Urgent Referral Program Patient…
Fig. 17.1 The HSO consists of a single helical nitinol wire covered with polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) that together form a right and a left atrial disc (© Copyright W. L. Gore…
Fig. 8.1 Important angiographic characteristics in closing a patent foramen ovale Fig. 8.2 Typical angiographic PFO anatomy. Tunnel length is <12 mm and defect measures <10 mm. LA left atrium,…
Fig. 2.1 Fetal Echocardiograms at 20 weeks gestation demonstrating the inferior and posterior attachment of the flap of the foramen ovale leaving it free to open anteriorly and superiorly allowing…
Fig. 3.1 Valvar competency determined by the apposition of the valve of the fossa ovalis and the limbus of the septum secundum to completely cover the foramen ovale Variations in…
Fig. 11.1 Management strategies for secondary prevention need to be comprehensive and also individualized to address the modifiable factors present in patients. For patients with ischemic stroke and a PFO,…
Fig. 26.1 GORE® HELEX® Septal Occluder (Image provided courtesy of W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc.) This uniquely designed device was granted FDA approval in 2006 for the indication of percutaneous,…
Fig. 29.1 Illustration of thrombus-in-transit on echocardiography. (a, b) Transesophageal images documenting a large thrombus straddling the patent foramen ovale with extension into both atria. (c) This thrombus was surgically…
Fig. 22.1 Thrombus in transit through a PFO. A transthoracic echocardiogram image demonstrates a long thrombus straddling the atrial septum as it passes from the right atrium through the patent…
Study Prevalence # migraines % Closed % Migraine improved/cured Length of follow-up (months) Wilmshurst et al. (2000) [9] 21/37 59 86 30 Morandi et al. (2003) [10] 17/62 27 88…
