Thoracic Key

Fig. 4.1 (a) A basal short axis slice showing the half open leaflets of the mitral valve, with the P1, P2 and P3 scallops of the posterior leaflet. (b) A…

Fig. 13.1 Left ventricular remodeling. Contrast-enhanced cardiac Magnetic Resonance. (a) Left panel: LV chamber appears dilated and distorted. (b) Right panel: late gadolinium enhancement images showing extensive antero-apical ventricular remodeling…

Fig. 22.1 Orientation and degree of the annular dilatation as assessed intraoperatively (Dreyfus et al. [3]. Permission granted by Elsevier) Subsequently, the ESC/EACTS guidelines, published in 2012, recommended that “surgery…

Parameter Mild TR Severe TR Regurgitant jet Thin and central Large and dense central or wall hugging eccentric jet Coaptation mode Normal (body-to-body) No tethering No coaptation with or without…

  Year Hospital mortality (%) King 1984 25 Kaul 1991 23.5 Staab 1999 8.8 Izumi 2002 14.2 McCarthy 2004 37 Dong-A Kwon 2006 25 Kwak 2008 16.6 Technique The clinical…

Fig. 1.1 The normal mitral valve (Adapted from Chan et al. [11]. With permission from Elsevier) The papillary muscles are usually organized into two groups, the posteromedial and anterolateral papillary…

Fig. 11.1 Annuloplasty suture starts at the right fibrous trigone and a single bite (step) involves 7–9 mm of mitral valve annulus, and pledgets are positioned at the commissures, posterior…

Fig. 23.1 Echocardiographic apical four chamber view demonstrating measurement of the tethering height at mid-systole. This is the distance between the plane of the tricuspid annulus and the coaptation point…

Fig. 5.1 On the left panel, a continuous wave Doppler signal of a mitral regurgitation with a presystolic component can be observed that disappears with the pacemaker activation as shown…

Fig. 14.1 Close up of the MitraClip device Beyond the MitraClip system, other percutaneous approaches to FMR include indirect and direct annuloplasty procedures. The indirect annuloplasty systems are in various…