Fig. 5.1 Aortic valve assessment. Transthoracic echocardiogram confirmed aortic bioprosthesis dysfunction with severe aortic regurgitation (a), confirmed on transesophageal echocardiogram (b). A short-axis transthoracic view demonstrated the appearance of a…
Fig. 11.1 “Clock face” orientation of the mitral prosthesis as seen from the left atrial “surgical” approach. Twelve o’clock corresponds to the junction with the aortic valve, while 9 o’clock…
(1) David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA Jonathan M. Tobis Email: jtobis@mednet.ucla.edu 24.1 Introduction Patent foramen ovale (PFO) affects up to 20…
Fig 23.1 AP projection. Two prostheses are delivered across PFO. The second is positioned behind the first one and acts as a “staple” of the two disks of the first…
Fig. 22.1 Panel (a) balloon sizing the persistent foramen ovale (PFO) at the first procedure. The waist on the balloon (arrow) is situated at the defect and was used to…
Fig. 8.1 New valves currently available for clinical use. Currently available and underdevelopment transcatheter valves (a) Medtronic Evolut (Medtronic Inc, Minneapolis, MN), USA). (b) Sapien 3 (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA,…
Fig. 7.1 Preoperative multimodality imaging evaluation of access site. Extensive circumferential calcification of the iliac-femoral arterial tree at multidetector computed tomography (panel A, B). No significant stenosis is documented at…
Risk factors Points C Congestive heart failure (or left ventricular ejection fraction <40 %) 1 H Hypertension: blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg or treatment 1 A2 Age ≥75 years…
Author Year No. of patients Findings Mugge [19] 1995 195 Patients with ASA and shunt showed a high frequency of previous clinical events (65 %) Bogousslavsky [20] 1996 140 The…
Fig. 9.1 Mitral apparatus. In bold the anatomical targets of the current commercially available percutaneous devices (Modified with permission from Asgar et al. [5]) Each of these components represents a…
