Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Fig. 34.1 (a) Balloon expandable Edwards Sapien three valve (b) Fluoroscopic image of deployed Edwards Sapien three valve Fig. 34.2 (a) Medtronic Evolut R CoreValve (b) Fluoroscopic image of deployed…
Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography
1 Acute chest pain (or ischemic equivalent) after definite ACS is ruled out 2 In chronic stable chest pain, patients with intermediate to high pretest probability or low pre-test probability…
Balloon Valvuloplasty
Fig. 33.1 Retrograde BAV. A curved giudewire is placed across the aortic valve into the left ventricular (LV) apex from the retrograde femoral arterial approach. A temporary pacemaker is used…
Alcohol Septal Ablation
Fig. 31.1 Equipment/catheters used in alcohol septal ablation. TPM temporary pacemaker, CGC coronary guide catheter, PAC pulmonary artery catheter, CGW coronary guide wire, CBC coronary balloon catheter, Halo Halo left…
Cardioversion and Defibrillation
Reentrant (shockable) Ventricular fibrillation Most ventricular tachycardias Atrial fibrillation Atrial flutter AV reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) SA nodal reentrant tachycardia Automatic (not shockable) Sinus tachycardia Junctional…
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators (ICD)
CLASS I INDICATIONS evidence and/or general agreement that ICD’s are useful and effective 1. Survivors of cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation or hemodynamically unstable sustained VT after evaluation to…
Cardiac Pacemakers
Indication Strength of indication Sinus node dysfunction with documented symptomatic bradycardia, including frequent sinus pauses that produce symptoms Class I Symptomatic chronotropic incompetence Class I Symptomatic sinus bradycardia that results…
Electrophysiologic Testing
Fig. 21.1 AP and Lateral views of cardiac silhouette with three diagnostic (quadripolar) catheters placed in the high right atrium (HRA), across the tricuspid annulus for His bundle recording (His),…
Ambulatory Electrocardiography
Selection of ambulatory ECG recording technique Recorder type Advantages Disadvantages Duration of use Holter monitor 1. Continuous ECG Recording 2. No activation required by patient 3. Preferred method for daily…
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
Fig. 5.1 Air-sealed face mask with tubing connected to gas analyzer, used to determine gas flow and values during metabolic testing Technique Different testing protocols have been developed for functional…
