The Arterial System I. Pressure, Flow and Stiffness
Fig. 4.1 The main components of an artery From a mechanical point of view the two most important constituents of arteries are collagen and elastin. These are arranged in layers around…
The Venous System
Fig. 7.1 Schematic representation of the circulation, arteries are shown in red, veins in blue. Reproduced from Wikipedia; https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Circulatory_System_en.svg. This image is in the public domain and was authored by Mariana…
Flow Phantoms
Fig. 12.1 Components of a flow phantom. The phantom mimics the cardiovascular geometry and is connected to a pump by tubing. A pump controller, usually a computer, enables programming of specific…
The Microcirculation
Fig. 8.1 Schematic of key microvessels and their organisation. On the arterial side is the arteriole and metarteriole. The metarteriole connect directly with the venule (on the venous side) forming a…
Introduction to Cardiovascular Biomechanics
Fig. 2.1 Components of the cardiovascular system; systemic circulation is shown in white, pulmonary circulation in grey 2.1.2 Components of the Cardiovascular System Heart The structure of the heart is illustrated…
Modelling of the Cardiovascular System
Fig. 10.1 Overview of the operation of a model of heart valve physiology, based on a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) work flow developed by EurValve (Horizon 2020, Project Number 689617) The…
Positron Emission Tomography
1 Intermediate likelihood of CAD and/or risk stratification in patients with intermediate and high likelihood of CAD when Equivocal SPECT Unable to exercise Able to exercise but ECG with LBBB…
Coronary Angiography
Fig. 28.1 Fluoroscopic unit Images are captured using equipment that store images in a digital format where they can be displayed off line for further viewing and analysis and where…
Transcatheter Closure of Atrial Septal Defects and Patent Foramen Ovale
Fig. 32.1 The Amplatzer Septal Occluder (right) and the Amplatzer PFO Occluder (left). Both devices are made of Nitinol wire mesh The Amplatzer® Sizing balloon is optional but recommended to…
Right Heart Catheterization
Differentiation of profound hypotensive states (e.g., cardiogenic shock vs. septic shock vs. hypovolemic shock) Guidance of therapy in severe left ventricular dysfunction—“hemodynamic tailored therapy” Assessment of constrictive and restrictive physiology…
