Fig. 43.1 Photoplethysmographic waveforms (PPG) . (a) Normal waveforms. (b) Borderline abnormal with partial attenuation of waveforms. (c) Abnormal with complete flattening of the waveforms Direct Testing with Duplex Ultrasound…
Fig. 32.1 Bulging upper extremity collateral veins as a result of central stenosis Additional Examination Further upper extremity examination includes a neurologic exam in order to document the presence of…
Fig. 27.1 (a) Duplex ultrasound demonstrating moderate stenosis with an elevated peak systolic velocity of 200 cm/s in the midportion of SFA stent. (b) Duplex ultrasound demonstrating high-grade stenosis with…
Fig. 38.1 The main superficial veins of the lowerextremity The principal return of blood flow of the lower extremities is through the deep veins. In the leg, the anterior tibial,…
Classification of congenital vascular malformations. Hamburg, 1988 A. Malformation typ e Predominantly arterial malformation Predominantly venous malformation Predominantly lymphatic malformation Predominantly arteriovenous malformation Combined vascular malformation B. Anatomical form (embryological…
Fig. 31.1 Color Doppler image of brachial artery bifurcation Protocol The examination is performed with the patient supine and the arm alongside the body where the radial artery can be…
Fig. 29.1 B-mode image of preinjection partially thrombosed pseudoaneurysm Fig. 29.2 Duplex imaging with to-and-fro flow. Pseudoaneurysm neck marked Treatment Options Observation Several small studies have reported successful closure in…
Device Company Material Shape Placement approach Delivery catheter size (Fr) Max caval diameter FDA-approved usage Stainless steel Greenfield Boston Scientific, Natick, MA Stainless steel Conical, single level Femoral or jugular…
Fig. 50.1 Intraoperative duplex sonography of main renal artery prior to repair in longitudinal (a) and transverse view (b). Post repair duplex (c) with corresponding spectral waveform analysis and renal…
Fig. 41.1 Duplex ultrasound report showing the distribution and extent of reflux. The patient presented with varicose veins in both extremities but she was symptomatic only in the left side….
