Fig. 12.1 Parasternal short axis view at the height of the papillary muscle In PHT, as a consequence of increased afterload, right ventricular hypertrophy develops in order to keep wall…
Primary (leaflet abnormality): 25% Congenital Ebstein’s anomaly Tricuspid valve tethering associated with perimembranous VSD and VSA Other (giant right atrium) Acquired disease Carcinoid Degenerative (myxomatous) Endocarditis Endomyocardial fibrosis Iatrogenic (pacing…
Fig. 17.1 Surgical incisions to access the right atrium and expose the tricuspid valve In the first case, the incision is carried out starting close to the atrial appendage and…
Fig. 10.1 Heart specimen (courtesy of Prof Cristina Basso, Cardiac Pathology, University of Padua) seen from atrial perspective, showing the tricuspid valve morphology and its spatial relationships with surrounding structures….
• Flexibility of the TA and the surrounding myocardium (calcification is rare) counteracts fixation and long-term stability of transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement devices and increases the risk of dehiscence of annuloplasty…
Fig. 11.1 Measurements of RV dimensions. The RV basal (D1) and mid cavity (D2) dimensions are shown in the RV focused apical four-chamber view (a). Measurements of the right ventricular…
Large tricuspid annulus dimensions with a non-planar and elliptical shape Absence of calcifications RV morphology (trabeculae, muscle bands, thin apical wall) Proximity/contiguity of other structures (coronary sinus, atrioventricular node and…
Fig. 14.1 Electrocardiography Fig. 14.2 (a, b) Showing dilated right atrium and right ventricle with interventricular septum bulged to the left. There is a severe tricuspid regurgitation due annular dilatation…
Fig. 7.1 A Carpentier-Edwards Physio tricuspid annuloplasty ring. The rings are non-planar and resemble the physiological tricuspid valve annulus. The rings have a septal segment opening (indicated by the arrow),…
Fig. 1.1 This specimen demonstrates the medial and anterior papillary muscles as well as the moderator band extending from the apical trabeculations in the right ventricle. The right ventricular outflow…
