• Various learning and teaching modalities are and can be complementary • Didactic lectures can be conveniently accessed off-site though the use of the Internet • Well-edited videos can replace watching cases performed…
Fig. 20.1 Ten leading cancer types for the estimated new cancer cases and deaths by sex, United States, 2016. Estimates are rounded to the nearest 10 and cases exclude basal…
Location Types Larynx Supraglottic Glottic, anterior or posterior Subglottic Trachea From carina to vocal cords Bronchi Only important if it affects both main stem bronchi CAO can develop gradually (i.e.,…
Introduction The last decades have witnessed a huge revolution of interventional pulmonology’s role in diagnostic work-up and management of thoracic diseases. The advent of transbronchial aspiration techniques represents one of…
Fig. 28.1 Pleural endoscopic images. INF inferior, 4R right paratracheal lymph node region according to Naruke’s classification , SVC superior vena cava, LUL left upper lobe, LLL left lower lobe….
Fig. 15.1 Fluorescein/488 nm in vivo CLE imaging of the proximal bronchus, Pentax prototype. Modified from Musani et al. J Bronchol Intervent Pulmonol, 2010 The second commercially available confocal endomicroscopy…
Fig. 21.1 Decision making algorithm for small samples Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Gene Mutations as a Biomarker The EGFR is a 170-kDa plasma membrane glycoprotein composed by an extracellular region,…
Fig. 11.1 Type I and type II reactions in PDT (“photodynamic reaction”). Schematic Jablonski diagram showing PDT’s mechanism of action. Following light absorption, the PS reaches an excited singlet state…
ASA physical status 1—A normal healthy patient ASA physical status 2—A patient with mild systemic disease ASA physical status 3—A patient with severe systemic disease ASA physical status 4—A patient…
Descriptor Subgroup Definition T (tumor) T0 No evidence of primary tumor T1 Tumor ≤3 cm, surrounded by the lung or visceral pleura, not more central than the lobar bronchus T1a (mi)…
