Chronic Obstruction of the Inferior Vena Cava
Fig. 40.1 Chronic total occlusion of the inferior vena cava secondary to thrombosed IVC filter. Digital subtraction venography demonstrates no flow into the IVC from either iliac vein, with multiple…
Pelvic Venous Insufficiency
Fig. 18.1 Anatomy and reflux of the pelvic veins (arrows show pathologic reflux). (A) Anatomy. (B) Anatomic variations of the ovarian veins. (C) Internal iliac veins and their communications with…
Management of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Fig. 43.1 The initial appearance of the heart with the reflected pericardium Full bypass is instituted with high ascending aortic cannulation and two caval cannulae. In unstable patients, bypass is…
Evaluation of Edema of the Extremity
Primary etiology for edema Unilateral Bilateral Vascular DVTa ↔ CVIa ↔ Lymphedemaa ↔ Post-revascularization Popliteal aneurysm Vascular compression Compartment syndrome Vascular anomalies: • KTS, Parkes-Weber syndrome High-risk patients (i.e., cancer) often…
Valve Reconstruction for Deep Venous Reflux
Fig. 17.1 Post-thrombotic syndrome : valve thickening The term primary reflux is identified on CEAP classification [20] as a malfunction of the valve due to unknown causes, so such as…
Vena Cava Interruption
1. Absolute indications VTE with (a) Contraindication to anticoagulation (b) Recurrent thromboembolic disease despite adequate anticoagulation therapy (c) Significant bleeding complications of anticoagulation therapy 2. Relative indications VTE with (a)…
Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis of Pulmonary Embolism
Fig. 30.1 (a) Pulmonary angiogram showing a left main pulmonary artery thrombus. (b) Placement of suction thrombectomy catheter (Indigo catheter) through left main pulmonary artery clot. (c) Pulmonary angiogram showing…
Sclerotherapy
Agent Class Trade name Distributor FDA/US status Hypertonic saline Hyperosmolar N/A Multiple Off-label Saline/propylene glycol Hyperosmolar Sclerodex Omega Laboratories (Canada) Not available Sodium tetradecyl sulfate Detergent Sotradecol Mylan Approved Polidocanol…
Mechanochemical Ablation of Superficial Veins
Fig. 10.1 ClariVein® infusion catheter showing the rotating tip at the end (courtesy of Vascular Insights LLC, Quincy, MA) The catheter is currently available in two sizes: 45 and 65…
Endovascular Treatment of Deep Vein Thrombosis
Indications •Imaging-proven symptomatic DVT in the IVC, iliac, common femoral, and/or femoral vein in a recently ambulatory patient with DVT symptoms for less than 28 days or in whom there is…
