Infective endocarditis (IE) is a rare disease but with devastating consequences. In-hospital mortality rates of left-sided endocarditis are around 20%, and 5-year mortality rates are up to 40% despite the…
Introduction With significant changes to the epidemiology of infective endocarditis (IE) in recent years, it is important to highlight which pathogens are the major causes of this disease. In the…
Introduction The diagnosis of infectious endocarditis is quite often complex and may be among the most challenging diagnoses facing today’s medical providers. Patients can present with a multitude of clinical…
Clinical Applications of Diastology Gregory Mints 1. In Figure 50.1, what is being measured in this zoomed-in apical four-chamber view with a focus on the mitral valve (MV) from a…
Mitral Valvular Disease Gregory Mints 1. A 92-year-old man presents to the emergency room with fatigue, confusion, and shortness of breath. His accompanying friend reports the history of “heart failure”…
Abdominal Vascular Ultrasound Elaine Y. Gee 1. A 92-year-old man has a known 4.5 cm infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm. You decide to practice your abdominal vascular ultrasound and obtain the…
Pneumothorax Alberto Goffi Gian Alfonso Cibinel Paolo Persona 1. A 35-year-old female patient has sustained a severe multisystem trauma as a result of a car accident. Upon arrival in the…
Pulmonary Consolidations Tanping Wong 1. An 82-year-old woman with a history of hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction presents with 1 week of shortness of breath,…
Cardiac Arrest and Peri-Arrest Genevieve Staudt Ryan Lefevre Frederick Wilhelm Lombard Robert Deegan Susan Eagle 1. A 55-year-old woman with hypertension and obesity has become increasingly short of breath since…
Bladder Ultrasound Tanping Wong 1. A 68-year-old man with a history of benign prostatic hypertrophy, who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) 7 years prior, presents with 6 weeks…
