Key Points • Precise knowledge about normal lymphatic anatomy in the upper and lower extremities can empower practitioners to distinguish structural changes occurring in lymphedema. • Lymphatic anatomy in lymphedema…
Introduction Lymphedema can develop as a result of developmental or genetic abnormalities intrinsic to the lymphatic system (primary lymphedema) or secondary to extrinsic factors (infections, trauma, malignancy, obesity, etc.) that…
“Declare the past, diagnose the present, foretell the future.” –Hippocrates. Overview The surgical treatment of lymphedema has evolved tremendously since the early 21st century. With the advances in microsurgical techniques,…
History of Present Illness A 79-year-old man presented to the outpatient pulmonary clinic with upper right opacity that was demonstrated on chest radiography, which had been performed during follow-up for…
History of Present Illness A 35-year-old Caucasian man presented to the emergency room with sudden worsening of breathlessness, right chest pain, and dry cough. Past Medical History He worked as…
History of Present Illness A 58-year-old Caucasian man was taken to the emergency room (ER) after a motorcycle accident (collision with a car). The patient had thoracic and head trauma….
History of Present Illness A 21-year-old Caucasian woman went to the emergency room complaining of cough, with three episodes of mild hemoptysis. The previous day she had a high fever…
History of Present Illness An 80-year-old man presented to a cardiologist because he had worsening dyspnea and asthenia. Chest radiography showed right pleural effusion ( Fig. 18.1 ). The cardiologist…
History of Present Illness A 60-year-old Caucasian man was referred to our pulmonology clinic with a 1-month history of dyspnea and bilateral symmetrical arthralgias, mostly in the metacarpophalangeal joints and…
History of Present Illness A 69-year-old Caucasian man presented with concerns of breathlessness during mild efforts, such as walking on flat ground, and a cough with little sputum for several…
