Mitral valve-in-MAC
Introduction Patients with symptomatic severe mitral valve disease due to severe mitral annular calcification (MAC) are often elderly with multiple comorbidities and have a high risk of cardiovascular death. Their…
Mitral paravalvular leak closure
Introduction Paravalvular prosthetic leak (PVL) occurs in 6% to 15% of surgical prosthetic valves or annuloplasty rings secondary to degeneration and loss of integrity of the annular tissue. Moderate-to-severe PVL…
Percutaneous mitral valve-in-valve and valve-in-ring
Introduction Mitral valve disease is the most common cardiac valve condition, with the prevalence of significant regurgitation or stenosis increasing with age and estimated to be 9.5% in the general…
Percutaneous edge-to-edge mitral valve repair using the mitraclip®
Introduction Mitral regurgitation (MR) is the most common valvular regurgitant abnormality, increasing in prevalence with age and affecting approximately 4 million people in the United States alone. , Severe MR…
Percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty
Introduction Mitral stenosis (MS) is the most common sequelae of rheumatic heart disease and is characterized by diffuse fibrous thickening of the margins of the mitral valve (MV) leaflets and…
Aortic paravalvular leak closure
Paravalvular leak (PVL) occurs in 5% to 17% of patients after valve replacement surgery. Although the majority of PVLs are subclinical, some patients develop symptoms of heart failure, hemolysis, or…
Aortic valve-in-valve TAVR
Transcatheter aortic valve-in-valve (VIV) is an established treatment of degenerative surgical bioprostheses in patients at high operative risk and was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2015….
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement using self-expanding valve
Self-expanding transcatheter aortic valve replacement: The medtronic corevalve system Currently in the United States, the most widely used self-expanding transcatheter aortic valve is the Medtronic CoreValve system. This transcatheter valve…
Balloon expandable transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Introduction The only balloon-expandable valve currently on the market is the Edward Sapien Heart valve manufactured by Edwards Life Sciences. This chapter will focus on the procedural techniques involved in…
Balloon aortic valvuloplasty
Background Aortic stenosis (AS) is common in the elderly population, with a prevalence of approximately 3% in patients over 75 years old. The prognosis of symptomatic severe AS is poor,…
