Clinical and Diagnosis Approach
Fig. 41.1 Inflammation physiopathology Physiopathology The main asthma mechanism is caused by the reduction of the caliber of the airway. Factors that may contribute to this are enlargement of the…
of Asthma Risk in Infants and Preschoolers
Major criteria Minor criteria Father or mother with asthma diagnosed by a medical doctor. Eczema diagnosed by medical doctor. Allergic rhinitis diagnosed by medical doctor Wheezing episodes not related to…
Caused by Emerging Viral Agents
Fig. 34.1 Age distribution for MERS . (Source: http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/RRA-MERS-CoV-thirteenth-update.pdf) Clinical presentation is characterized by fever, cough, myalgia, and diarrhea. The disease has a wide symptomatic spectrum, which can range from…
Defense Mechanisms of the Respiratory System
Receptor Ligands TLR1 Bacterial lipoproteins TLR2 Lipopeptides, lipoteichoic acid TLR3 Double-stranded RNA TLR4 Lipopolysaccharides TLR5 Flagellin TLR6 Lipopeptides TLR7/TLR8 Imidazoquinolines, single-stranded RNA TLR9 Unmethylated CpG DNA TLR10 Unknown NOD-like receptor…
Frontiers in Research on the Respiratory System
Type and consequences Examples of mutations Potential therapies 1. No CFTR synthesis G542X, W1282X, R553X, 3950delT PTC124 2. Abnormal CFTR retained in the endoplasmic reticulum and damaged ΔF508 VX-809 VX-700…
for Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (PARDS)
Fig. 16.1 (a, b) The evolution of ECMO technology over time from large, complex systems to compact modern devices Irrespective of the changes over the last several decades, ECMO consists…
Interactions and Cardiovascular Support in Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Fig. 13.1 Ventricular pressure stroke volume curve. With a decrease in systemic venous return, the ventricle moves from position C to B, diastolic volume and therefore pressure decrease while stroke…
Mechanical Ventilation for Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation and Airway Pressure Release Ventilation
Fig. 7.1 Mechanisms of gas exchange and pressure transmission during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation. Mechanisms include pendelluft (i.e., movement of gas between lung regions with different time constants), convective gas transport…
Respiratory Support in Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Acute lower respiratory tract diseases Bronchiolitis Pneumonia Pulmonary edema Acute chest syndrome Atelectasis Avoidance of intubation or re-intubations Do-Not-Intubate (DNI) or comfort-measures-only (CMO) Immunocompromised status Neuromuscular disorders Neurological illnesses Cystic…
Weaning and Extubation Strategies for Children with PARDS
Recommendation 1: In children with PARDS requiring mechanical ventilation for more than 24 hours, the causes that contribute to ongoing ventilator dependence should be systematically evaluated at least once daily. The…
