11 Valvular Stenosis Aortic Stenosis Step-by-Step Approach Determine the Etiology of Stenosis Evaluate Stenosis Severity Evaluate Aortic Regurgitation and Ascending Aorta Evaluate the Consequences of Chronic LV Pressure Overload Additional…
15 Cardiac Masses and Potential Cardiac Source of Embolus Basic Principles Step-By-Step Approach Left Atrial Thrombi Left Ventricular Thrombi Right Heart Thrombi Nonprimary Cardiac Tumors Primary Cardiac Tumors Vegetations Benign…
13 Prosthetic Valves Basic Principles Step-by-Step Approach Review Clinical and Operative Data Obtain Images of the Prosthetic Valve Record Prosthetic Valve Doppler Data Evaluate Geometry and Function Measure Pulmonary Pressures…
1 Principles of Echocardiographic Image Acquisition and Doppler Analysis Basic Principles Ultrasound Waves Transducers Ultrasound Imaging Principles Imaging Artifacts Doppler Pulsed Doppler Color Doppler Continuous-Wave Doppler Doppler Artifacts Bioeffects and…
4 Specialized Echocardiography Applications Stress Echocardiography Three-Dimensional Echocardiography Image Acquisition and Display Examination Protocol Quantitation From 3D Datasets Clinical Utility Limitations Myocardial Mechanics Basic Principles Tissue Doppler Velocities Strain and…
5 Clinical Indications and Quality Assurance Basic Principles Understand the Reliability of Echocardiography for the Specific Diagnosis Integrate the Clinical Data and the Echocardiographic Findings Recommend Additional Diagnostic Testing as…
5Echocardiography Which of the following manipulations will increase the echocardiographic frame rate (see Box 5.1)? Increase depth Increase transmit frequency Decrease sector angle Increase transmit power The lateral resolution increases…
2Electrocardiography ECG diagnostic criteria are listed in Box 2.1. For the tracings in the questions/figures in this section, please analyze carefully and list the important findings and possible clinical setting….
