Introduction The ability to accurately measure blood flow and oxygen saturations across the human late-gestation fetal circulation offered by advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has provided new insights into…
A functional myocardium is necessary for viability during embryonic and fetal development. As such, the heart is the first functional organ because its ability to distribute essential nutrients to the…
Introduction With the arrival of echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), providing the means of noninvasively detecting and monitoring anomalies occurring during pregnancy, the fetus has increasingly become the target…
Introduction It might reasonably be thought that those who diagnose and treat patients with congenitally malformed hearts would, by now, have reached consensus concerning the most appropriate way of describing…
Perhaps one of the most vexing aspects of congenital cardiac disease is the current inability to explain its origin. Environmental causes have been invoked, and until recently only scant evidence…
Outline Acute Cardiogenic Shock, 649 Devices, 650 Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump, 650 TandemHeart, 651 Impella, 651 Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, 652 Indications for Implantable Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices, 653 Patient Selection for…
Outline Definition of Heart Failure, 418 Epidemiology of Heart Failure, 418 Objectives of Cardiac Imaging in Heart Failure, 419 Cost of Imaging Tests, 419 Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction…
Outline Anemia and Iron Deficiency, 687 Definitions, Prevalence, and Outcomes, 687 Diagnosis of Anemia, 688 Treatment, 689 Summary/Conclusions, 691 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 691 Definitions, Prevalence, and Outcomes, 691 Pulmonary…
Outline Evaluation and Management of Heart Transplant Candidates 631 Indications for Transplant 631 Evaluation of the Heart Transplant Candidate 631 The Heart Transplant Procedure 633 Donor Heart Evaluation and Management…
