and clinical stages
2 Pathophysiology and clinical stages Pathophysiology Advances in the management of heart failure (HF) over the past 20 years have been informed by a better understanding of its pathophysiology. There…
trials and developments
10 Clinical trials and developments Stem cell therapy Stem cell therapy remains a promising treatment for patients with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction caused by coronary ischemia/infarction. Intracoronary or intramyocardial injections…
Comorbidities
4 Comorbidities Anemia Anemia (hemoglobin < 130 g/L in men, and < 120 g/L in women) is common in patients with heart failure (HF). It is associated with poorer outcomes…
management and lifestyle considerations
6 General management and lifestyle considerations Multidisciplinary strategies The cost of managing patients with heart failure (HF) is substantial and continues to grow, with the main area of expenditure being…
Multimodality Imaging and Structural Heart Interventions
Multimodality Imaging and Structural Heart Interventions SECTION 1 ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN STRUCTURAL HEART DISEASE Recent advances in technology have led to the development of new devices and procedures that have greatly…
Congenital Heart Disease
Congenital Heart Disease SECTION 1 ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY AND CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE Progress has been made in the diagnosis of congenital heart diseases. In the past, careful physical examination along with the…
Neoplasms and the Heart
Neoplasms and the Heart SECTION 1 CLASSIFICATION OF NEOPLASMS OF THE HEART FIGURE 9.1 Patterns of involvement of the heart and pericardium by primary and secondary tumors. (Adapted from Buja…
The Pericardium
The Pericardium SECTION 1 THE PERICARDIUM The pericardium is a fibroelastic sac that contains the heart and the proximal segments of the aorta and pulmonary artery and a portion of…
The Right Ventricle
The Right Ventricle SECTION 1 ANATOMY OF THE RIGHT VENTRICLE The right ventricle is located anterior to and wraps around the left ventricle. The entrance to the right ventricle is…
