Tetralogy of Fallot with Pulmonary Atresia
In this chapter, we deal with one of the most complex, and difficult to treat surgically, of all congenital cardiac malformations. It is still frequent to find the lesion described…
Diseases of the Tricuspid Valve
The most common congenital malformations afflicting the tricuspid valve are Ebstein’s malformation and tricuspid valvar dysplasia. We will primarily consider Ebstein’s malfor mation in this chapter. Isolated dysplasia of the…
Double Outlet Ventricle
The concept of double outlet as a ventriculo-arterial connection has been well accepted for several decades. This is described elsewhere in this textbook (see Chapter 1 ). It may occur…
Interatrial Communications
Holes between the atrial chambers are important congenital cardiac anomalies, both because they are relatively common, and because they are more nearly completely correctable than most other cardiac malformations, the…
Anomalous Systemic Venous Return
In this chapter, we deal with abnormalities of position and connection of the major systemic venous channels that drain to the heart, and also with abnormal persistence of the valves…
Isomerism of the Atrial Appendages
It has long been recognised that congenital absence of the spleen, or the presence of multiple spleens, is associated with severe congenital malformations of the heart. 1–3 Some of the…
Cross Sectional Echocardiographic and Doppler Imaging
Since the late 1970s, perhaps the most important change in the practice of clinical paediatric cardiology has been the introduction of cross sectional echocardiography, with this advance then being facilitated…
Hypoplasia of the Left Heart
Rather than being a single lesion, the entity usually described as hypoplastic left heart syndrome is a group of conditions with characteristic anatomical, physiological, and clinical properties. The earliest grouping…
Hypoplasia of the Right Ventricle
The right ventricle can be hypoplastic in various settings. It can be small in the presence of deficient ventricular or atrioventricular septation, producing so-called left ventricular dominance. The chamber can…
Interventional Techniques
Interventional cardiac catheterisation describes procedures where cardiac catheters are used to modify, palliate, or treat congenital or acquired cardiac disease. Evolution of interventional techniques has been a natural progression from…
