Transcatheter Mitral Valve Intervention
Section I: Mitral Stenosis Introduction Normal Mitral Valve Anatomy To appreciate the complexity of the mitral valve is to understand its intricate anatomical and physiologic properties. The mitral valve can…
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Introduction and Epidemiology Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a complex cardiac disorder that has been the subject of intense scrutiny and scientific investigation for the past half century. HCM is a…
Pericardiocentesis and Pericardial Intervention
Introduction Pericardial disease reflects a wide range of clinical presentations and pathologies, from acute pericarditis to cardiac tamponade. Unlike coronary artery disease, heart failure, or valvular heart disease, however, there…
Intravascular Ultrasound Imaging
Background and Limitations of Angiography Contrast angiography has been the gold standard of coronary artery imaging for over six decades. However, it is important to understand that angiograms only delineate…
Endomyocardial Biopsy
Dr. Deepak L. Bhatt discloses the following relationships: Advisory Board : Cardax, Elsevier Practice Update Cardiology, Medscape Cardiology, Regado Biosciences; Board of Directors : Boston VA Research Institute, Society of…
Aortic Valvuloplasty and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Introduction Balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) was developed as one of the first minimally invasive approaches to treat symptomatic severe aortic stenosis (AS). Alain Cribier first described the procedure in 1986…
Management of Chronic Venous Insufficiency
Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Chronic Venous Disease Chronic venous disease (CVD) is a condition that affects the superficial and deep venous systems resulting in venous hypertension and a cascade…
Hemodialysis Access Intervention
Introduction The primary purpose of vascular access is to facilitate hemodialysis for as long as possible at minimal risk of complications. To achieve this goal, vascular surgeons primarily use vascular…
Carotid and Vertebral Intervention
Carotid Intervention The Data When discussing the clinical data for outcomes in carotid artery stenting (CAS), there are several important outcomes to be detailed: periprocedural (30 day) safety, which is composed…
Interventional Management of Lower Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism
Introduction Venous thromboembolic disease (VTE), comprised of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is morbid, expensive, and potentially fatal. It ranks as the third most common cardiovascular disease,…
